Background on Human Rights Obligations and Access to Medicine

I. Academic Papers

• Access to Anti-Retroviral Drugs as a Component of the Right to Health-application in Nigeria
• Amnesty International Guide on the African Commission
• Enforcing Right to Health
• Human Rights Approach to Intellectual Property Rights
• Promoting Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Africa
• Right to Health under the African Charter
• Statement from Seminar on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights in the African Charter
• The Realization of Access to HIV and AIDS-related Medicines in Southern African Countries
• The Right to Health - Iain Byrne

II. African Rights-Based Legal Instruments

• Abuja Declaration
• African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
• Brazzaville Commitment
• Gaborone Declaration
• Maseru Declaration
• Southern African Development Community Protocol on Health

    A. African Case Law

• Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Association and 41 Others v. President of the Republic of South Africa and 9 Others
• Minister of Health v. Treatment Action Campaign
• Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) and Another v. Nigeria
• Purohit and Moore v. The Gambia

III. ARIPO Documents

• Bangui Agreement (Establishing ARIPO)
• Harare Protocol on Patents and Industrial Designs
• Lusaka Agreement (on the creation of ARIPO)
• Regulations Under the Agreement Revising the Bangui Agreement on the Creation of ARIPO

IV. Inter-American Legal Materials

• (Additional) Protocol of San Salvador - on ESCRs
• Ache People v. Paraguay (IACHR)
• Alban Cornejo et al. v. Ecuador (IACtHR)(2007)
• American Convention on Human Rights
• American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
• Case of the “Street Children” (Villagran-Morales et al.) v. Guatemala-Cancado Opinion (IACtHR)
• Case of the Yakye Axa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay (IACtHR)
• Coulter et al. v. Brazil (IACHR)
• Jorge Odir Miranda Cortez et al. v. El Salvador (IACHR)
• Juan Hernandez v. Guatemala (IACHR)
• Juvenile Reeducation Institute v. Paraguay (IACtHR)
• Luis Rolando Cusculpivara et al. (persons living with HIV-AIDS) v. Guatemala (IACHR)
• Mendes v. Brazil (IACHR)
• Montero-Aranguren et al. (Detention Center of Catia) v. Venezuela (IACtHR)(2006)
• Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay (IACtHR)(2006)

V. UN Documents and Interpretation

• CCPR General Comment No 6 - Right to Life (Article 6)
• CESCR General Comment No 14 - Right to Health (Article 12)
• CESCR Statement on Human Rights and Intellectual Property (2001)
• CESCR The Nature of States' Parties Obligations
• Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
• Convention on the Rights of the Child
• CRC General Comment No 3 - HIVAIDS and the rights of the child
• International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
• International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
• Limburg principles on the Implementation of the ICESCR
• Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
• OHCHR - Intellectual Property and Human Rights
• OHCHR Access to medication in the context of pandemics such as HIV-AIDS
• OHCHR Resolution 2000-07 of the Sub-Commission on Human Rights on Intellectual Property and Human Rights
• OHCHR Resolution 2001-21 of the Sub-Commission on Human Rights on Intellectual Property and Human Rights
• UN Comm. on Human Rights - Globalization and Human Rights
• UN Comm. on Human Rights - Impact of TRIPS
• UN Comm. on Human Rights - Report of Secretary General
• United Nations Declaration of Commitment to HIV/AIDS (2001)
• United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights
• World Health Organization (WHO) Constitution

    A. Hunt Reports

• Hunt Report Access to Essential Medicines and Maternal Mortality
• Hunt report HIV
• Hunt Report on health indicators and good practices (2003)
• Hunt Report on health systems and right to health (2008)
• Hunt Report on mental disability and the right to health (2005)
• Hunt Report on Mission to Uganda
• Hunt Report on Neglected Diseases
• Hunt Report on Pharmaceutical Company Guidelines
• Hunt Report on Poverty and Right to Health (2004)
• Hunt Report on poverty discrimination and stigma, neglected diseases, WTO and the right to health (2003)
• Hunt Report on progress and obstacles to the health and human rights movement (2007)
• Hunt report WTO

VI. WTO Documents

• Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement)
• Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health