For resources available on working with youth in custody click here.

Government Reports

1. United States. The Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003: Sexual Victimization in Local Jails Reported by Inmates, 2007. Comp by Beck and Harrison. Washington, DC. June 2008.
   
   
2. United States. The Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003: Sexual Victimization in State and Federal Prisons Reported by Inmates, 2007. Comp by Beck and Harrison. Washington, DC. December 2007.
   
   
3. United States. The Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003: Sexual Violence Reported by Correctional Authorities, 2006. Comp by Beck, Harrison and Adams. Washington, DC. August 2007.
   
   
4. United States. Department of Justice/ National Institute of Justice. The Culture of Prison Sexual Violence. Comp. Mark Fleisher and Jessie Krienert. Washington, DC: November 2006.
   
   
5. United States. Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. HIV in Prisons, 2004. Comp. Laura Maruschak. Washington, DC: November 2006.
   
   
6. United States. Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Assistance. Sexual Violence in the Texas Prison System. Comp. James Austin, et. al,. Washington, DC: September 2006.
   
   
7. United States. U.S. Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections. Correctional Internal Affairs Investigators: Job Analysis. Comp. by The Moss Group Inc. Washington, DC: August 2006.
   
   
8. United States. US Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections. Staff Perspectives: Sexual Violence in Adult Prisons and Jails. Comp. The Moss Group Inc. Washington, DC: June 2006.
   
   
9. United States. Center for Disease Control. “HIV Transmission among Male Inmates in a State Prison System- Georgia, 1992-2005.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 55:15 (21 April 2006): 421-428.
   
   
10. United States. Office of Justice Programs/ National Institute of Justice. Extent, Nature and Consequences of Rape Victimization. Washington, DC: January 2006.
    
    
11. United States. The Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003: Sexual Violence Reported by Correctional Authorities, 2005. Comp by Beck and Harrison. Washington, DC. 2006.
    
    
12. United States. The Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections. Gender Responsive Strategies for Women: Using Jail Exit Surveys to Improve Community Responses to Women Offenders. Comp. by Teri Martin and Becky Ney. Washington, DC. December 2005.
    
    
13. United States. The Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections. Gender Responsive Strategies for Women Offenders: Supervision of Women Defendants and Offenders in the Community. Comp. by Linda Sydney. Washington, DC. October 2005.
    
    
14. United States. The Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections. The Gender Responsive Strategies Project: Jail Applications. Comp. by Susan McCampbell. Washington, DC. April 2005.
    
    
15. United States. Office of Inspector General. Deterring Staff Sexual Abuse of Federal Inmates. Washington, DC. April 2005.
    
    
16. United States. U.S. Department of Justice. A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations. Washington, DC: September 2004.
    
    
17. United States. The Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. Implementing the Prison Rape Elimination Act. Washington, DC. February 5, 2004.
    
    
18. United States. The Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics.The Prison Rape Elimination Act: Sexual Violence Reported by Correctional Authorities, 2004. Comp. by Beck and Hughes. Washington, DC.  2004.
    
    
19. United States. Office of Justice Programs. DNA Evidence: Enhancing Impact from Crime Scene to Court Room. Comp. by The National Forensic Science Technology Center. Washington, DC: October 2003.
    
    
20. United States. U.S. Department of Justice/ Office of Justice Programs. Law Enforcement, Corrections and Forensic Technologies. Comp. by Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Washington, DC: May 2001.
    
    
21. United States. Office of Justice Programs/ Office for Victim Services. Understanding DNA: A Guide for Victim Service Providers. Washington, DC: April 2001.
    
    
22. United States. U.S Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Assistance. Juveniles in Adult Prisons and Jails. Comp. by Austin et. al. Washington, DC: October 2000.
    
    
23. United States. U.S Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Assistance. BJA Bulletin: Effective Representations for Youth Prosecuted as Adults. Comp. by Malcom C. Young. Washington, DC: August 2000.
    
    
24. United States. National Institute of Justice. Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement. Comp. by The Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation. Washington, DC: January 2000.
    
    
25. United States. General Accounting Office. Women in Prison: Issues and Challenges Confronting U.S. Correctional Systems. Washington, DC. December 1999.
    
    
26. United States. General Accounting Office. Women in Prison: Sexual Misconduct by Correctional Staff. Washington, DC. June 1999.
    
    
27. United Nations. Integration of the Human Rights of Women and the Gender Perspective: Violence Against Women, Report of the Special Rapporteur, on violence against women, it's causes and consequences, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1997/44, Addendum, Report to the mission to the United States of America on the Issue of violence against women in state and federal prisons. New York. January 4, 1999.
    
    
28. United States. The Department of Justice/ Federal Bureau of Prisons. Sexual Abuse/Assault Prevention and Intervention, A System Response and Agency Plan. Washington, DC. July 1998.
    
    
29. United States. U.S. Department of Justice/ Bureau of Justice Statistics. Juveniles Prosecuted in State Criminal Courts. Comp. by Carol DeFrances and Kevin Storm. Washington, DC: March 1997.
    
    
30. United States. The Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections. Women in Jail: Legal Issues. Comp. by Collins and Collins. Washington, DC. December 1996.
    
    
31. United States. National Institute of Justice. What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence. Comp. by The National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence. Washington, DC: (no date listed).

Publications for Legal and Correctional Professionals

1. Simonian, Nairi M. and Brenda V. Smith. “Anti-fraternization Policies in Community Corrections: A Tool to Address Staff Sexual Misconduct in Community Correction Agencies.” Perspectives. Winter 2007: 43-48.
   
   
2. Moss, Andie  “The Prison Rape Elimination Act: Implications for Women and Girls.” Corrections Today August 2007: 1-4.
   
   
3. United States. US Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections. “Issues in Investigating Sexual Assaults in Correctional Facilities” Staff Perspectives: Sexual Violence in Adult Prisons and Jails. Comp. by The Moss Group Inc. Washington, DC: June 2007.
   
   
4. McKelvey, Tara, ed. One of the Guys: Women as Aggressors and Torturers. California: Seal Press, 2007.
   
   
5. Simonian, Nairi M. and Brenda V. Smith. “Integrity in Jail Operations: Addressing Employee/ Offender Relationships.” American Jails. July/August 2006: 9-19.
   
   
6. Smith, Brenda V., Nairi M. Simonian and Jaime M. Yarussi. “The Health Concerns of Incarcerated Women- Part 2: Communicable Diseases and Treatment Issues.” Women Girls and Criminal Justice 7:4 (June/July 2006): 49-56, 64.
   
   
7. Simonian, Nairi M. and Brenda V. Smith. “Policy on Worker Relations Helps Ensure Office Integrity.” Sheriff May-June 2006: 27-28.
   
   
8. Eggen, Dan and Shankar Vedantam. “Polygraph Results Often in Question.” The Washington Post 1 May 2006, Final Ed., Sec A: 01.
   
   
9. Smith, Brenda V., Nairi M. Simonian and Jaime M. Yarussi. “The Health Concerns of Incarcerated Women- Part 1: Profiles, Chronic Diseases, and Conditions.” Women Girls and Criminal Justice 7:3 (April/May 2006): 33-34, 39-45.
   
   
10. Simonian, Nairi and Smith, Brenda V. A memo regarding Anti-Fraternization policies and case law in the Ninth Circuit. The Department of Justice/ National Institute of Corrections Project on Addressing Prison Rape. Washington, DC. January 2006.
    
    
11. Moss, Andie and A.T. Wall “Addressing the Challenge of Inmate Rape.” Corrections Today August 2005: 1-4.
    
    
12. Henslet, et. al,. “Examining the Characteristics of Male Sexual Assault Targets in a Southern Maximum Security Prison.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 20:6 (June 2005): 667-679.
    
    
13. Hensley, et. al,. “The Evolving Nature of Prison Argot and Sexual Hierarchies.” The Prison Journal. 83:3 (September 2003): 289-300.
    
    
14. Robertson, James. “Rape among Incarcerated Men Sex and Coercion and STDs.” AIDS, Patient Care and STDs. 17: 8 (June 2003): 423-430.
    
    
15. Susan McCampbell and Alen L. Ault. Ed.D, Lessons Learned, Miles to Go: Preventing Staff Sexual Misconduct with Offender, May 2003.
    
    
16. Buell, Maureen, Elizabeth Layman, Susan McCampbell and Brenda V. Smith. “Addressing Sexual Misconduct in Community Corrections.” Perspectives: the Journal of the American Probation and Parole Association,. 27:2 Spring 2003.
    
    
17. Hensley, et. al,. “Masturbation Uncovered: Autoeroticism in a Female Prison.” The Prison Journal. 81:4 (December 2001): 491-501.
    
    
18. National Sherriff’s Association. “Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with Inmates: Myths and Realities.” Sheriffs' Magazine. November - December 2001.
    
    
19. Layman, Elizabeth and McCampbell, Susan. “Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with Inmates: Myths and Realities.” Sheriffs’ Magazine, National Sheriffs’ Association. November/December 2001: 20-24.
    
    
20. Dumond, Robert W. “The Impact and Recovery of Prisoner Rape.” A National Conference Not Part of the Penalty: Ending Prisoner Rape. Washington, DC. October 19, 2001.
    
    
21. Smith, Brenda V., “Sexual Abuse Against Women in Prison.” American Bar Association Criminal Justice Magazine, 16:1 Spring, 2001.
    
    
22. Hensley, et. al,. “Introduction: The History of Prison Sex Research.” The Prison Journal. 80:4 (December 2000): 360-367.
    
    
23. Alarid, Leanne Fiftal. “Sexual Assault and Coercion among Incarcerated Women Prisoners.” The Prison Journal. 80:4. (December 2000): 391-406.
    
    
24. Greer, Kimberly. “The Changing Nature of Interpersonal Relationships in Women’s Prisons.” The Prison Journal. 80:4 (December 2000): 442-468.
    
    
25. Eigenburg, Helen M. “Correctional Officers and Their Perceptions of Homosexuality, Rape and Prostitution in Male Prisoners.” The Prison Journal. 80:4 (December 2000): 415-433.
    
    
26. Layman, Elizabeth, Susan McCampbell and Andie Moss, “Sexual Misconduct in Corrections.” American Jails Magazine November/December 2000.
    
    
27. Mullendore, Kristine and Laurie Beever. “Sexually Abused Female Inmates in State and Local Correctional Institutions.” Women Girls & Criminal Justice, 1:6 October/November 2000: 81-96.
    
    
28. McSherry, Bernadette and Margaret Somerville. “Sexual Activity among Institutionalized Persons in Need of Special Care.” Windsor Book of Access Justice. (1998).
    
    
29. Coggeshall, John. “Ladies Behind Bars: A Luminal Gender as a Cultural Mirror.” Anthropology Today. 4: 4 (August 1988): 6-8.
    
    
30. Lager, Robert. “Lesbianism Among Female Prisoners: Participants and Non-participants.” Criminal Justice and Behavior. 14:4 (December 1987): 448-467.
    
    
31. Stop Prisoner Rape. Transgender Americans: A Handbook for Understanding. Los Angeles, California: (unknown).
    
    
32. Schiro, George. “Special Considerations for Sexual Assault Evidence” The Louisiana State Police Crime Laboratory: (no date listed).

Advocacy Group Reports

1. Urban Institute. Addressing Sexual Violence in Prisons: A National Snapshot of Approaches and Highlights of Innovative Strategies. Comp. Zweig et. al,. Washington, DC: October 2006.
   
   
2. Urban Institute. Addressing Sexual Violence in Prisons: A National Snapshot. Comp. by Zweig et. al. Washington, DC: October 2006.
   
   
3. American Civil Liberties Union. Abandoned and Abused: Orleans Parish Prisoners in the Wake of Hurricane Katrina. Comp. by the ACLU National Prison Project with contributions by the ACLU of Louisiana and the ACLU Human Rights Program. Washington, DC: August 2006.
   
   
4. Vera Institute. Confronting Confinement: A Report of the Commission on Safety and Abuse in America’s Prisons. Comp. by John J. Gibbons and Nicholas de B. Katzenbach. Washington, DC: June 2006.
   
   
5. American Constitution Society for Law and Policy. The Prison Litigation Reform Act- A Proposal for Closing the Loophole for Rapists. Comp. Deborah Golden. Washington, DC: June 2006.
   
   
6. Stop Prisoner Rape. Hope for Healing: Information for Survivors of Sexual Assault in Detention. Los Angeles, California: 2006.
   
   
7. The Ford Foundation. Close to Home: CASE Studies of Human Rights Work in the United States. New York: 2004.
   
   
8. Human Rights Watch. NO ESCAPE: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons. New York: April 2001.
   
   
9. Amnesty International. Abuse of Women in Custody: Sexual Misconduct and Shackling of Pregnant Women -- A State-by-State Survey of Policies and Practices in the USA, New York: USA: March 2001.
   
   
10. Amnesty International. Justice for Women Prisoners: The Human Rights of Women Prisoners. New York: April 2000.
    
    
11. Amnesty International. Not Part of My Sentence, Violations of Human Rights of Women in Custody. New York, USA: March 1999.
    
    
12. Human Rights Watch. All Too Familiar: Sexual Abuse of Women in U.S. State Prisons. Comp. by Women’s Rights Watch. New York: December 1996.

Law Reviews and Journals

1. Smith, Brenda V. “The Prison Rape Elimination Act: Implementation and Unresolved Issues” Criminal Law Brief American University Washington College of Law Washington, DC; 10-18 (Spring 2008).
   
   
2. Smith, Brenda V. and Jaime Yarussi. “Prosecuting Sexual Violence in Correctional Settings: Examining Prosecutors’ Perceptions.” Criminal Law Brief American University Washington College of Law Washington, DC; 19-28 (Spring 2008).
   
   
3. Yarussi, Jaime M. “The Violence Against Women Act: Denying Needed Resources Based on Criminal History.” Criminal Law Brief of American University Washington College of Law Washington, DC; 29-36 (Spring 2008).
   
   
4. Jordan, Mary. “Care to Prevent HIV Infection in Prison: A Moral Right Recognized by Canada While the United States Lags Behind.” Inter-American Law Review. 37 (Winter 2006).
   
   
5. Tarzwell, Sydney. “The Gender Lines are Marked with Razor Wire: Addressing State Prison Policies and Practices for the Management of Transgender Prisoners.” Columbia Human Rights Law Review. 38 (Fall 2006).
   
   
6. Hammett, Theodore. “HIV/ AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases among Correctional Inmates.” American Journal of Public Health. 96:6 (June 2006).
   
   
7. Smith, Brenda V. “Analyzing Prison Sex: Reconciling Self Expression with Safety.” American University, Washington College of Law Human Rights Brief 13:3 (Spring 2006): 17-22.
   
   
8. Sigler, Mary. “By the Light of Virtue: Prison Rape and the Corruption of Character.” Iowa Law Review. 91 (January 2006).
   
   
9. Smith, Brenda V. “Sexual Abuse of Women in United States Prisons: A Modern Collary of Slavery.” Fordham Urban Law Journal Vol. 33 (2006): 571-607.
   
   
10. Mann, Rebecca. “A Review of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Legal Issues.” Law and Sexuality 15:91 (2006).
    
    
11. Smith, Brenda V. “Rethinking Prison Sex: Self Expression and Safety.” Columbia Journal of Gender and the Law, 15 (2006): 185-234.
    
    
12. Wyall, Rachel. “Male Rape in US Prisons: Are Conjugal Visits the Answer?” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. 37 (2006).
    
    
13. Ristroph, Alice. “Sexual Punishments.” Columbia Journal of Gender and the Law. 15 (2006).
    
    
14. Dumond, Robert W. “The Impact of Prisoner Sexual Violence.” Journal of Legislation. 32 (2006).
    
    
15. Reis, David. “Duty to Protect Claims by Inmates after the Prison Rape Elimination Act.” Journal of Law and Policy. 13 (2005).
    
    
16. Peek, Christine. “Breaking Out of the Prison Hierarchy: Transgender Prisoners, Rape and the Eighth Amendment.” Santa Clara Law Review. 44 (2004).
    
    
17. Henslet et. al,. “Characteristics of Prison Sexual Assault Targets in Male Oklahoma Correctional Facilities.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 18:6 (June 2003): 595-606.
    
    
18. Smith, Brenda V. “Watching You Watching Me.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, Volume 15 Number 2, 2003.
    
    
19. Mann, Christopher and John Cronan. “Forecasting Sexual Abuse in Prison: The Prison Subculture of Masculinity as a Backdrop for Deliberate Indifference.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 92 (Fall 2001).
    
    
20. Eigenburg, Helen M. “Corrections’ Officers Definitions of Rape in Male Prisons.” Journal of Criminal Justice. 28 (2000): 435-449.
    
    
21. Robertson, James. “Cruel and Unusual Punishment in United States Prisons: Sexual Harassment among Male Inmates.” American Criminal Law Review. 36 (Winter 1999).
    
    
22. Eigenberg, Helen M. “Homosexuality in Male Prisons: Demonstrating the Need for a Constructionist Approach.” Criminal Justice Review. 17:2 (19920: 219-234.