Bios of Speakers at CGS Programs

KRISTIN ADAIR

Kristin Adair serves as Staff Counsel at the National Security Archive. She works principally on the Archive's FOIA litigation and open government advocacy projects. In addition, she tracks international access to information issues and helps to maintain the freedominfo.org website, serving as a liaison to the international community as part of the Freedom of Information Advocates Network. Before joining the Archive staff, Kristin served as a policy assistant and scheduler during the 2004 presidential campaign and also worked as an intern in the Senate, focusing on judiciary and foreign policy issues. She recently completed her graduate work at the George Washington University, where she received her J.D. and her M.A. in International Affairs in May 2006. Her studies focused on constitutional and administrative law, as well as U.S. national security and foreign policy. September 29, 2008.

STEVEN AFTERGOOD

Steve Aftergood is a senior research analyst at the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). He directs the FAS Project on Government Secrecy, which works to reduce the scope of government secrecy and to promote reform of official secrecy practices. He writes Secrecy News, an email newsletter (and blog) which reports on new developments in secrecy policy for more than 10,000 subscribers in media, government and among the general public. In 1997, Mr. Aftergood was the plaintiff in a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit against the Central Intelligence Agency which led to the declassification and publication of the total intelligence budget ($26.6 billion in 1997) for the first time in fifty years. In 2006, he won a FOIA lawsuit against the National Reconnaissance Office for release of unclassified budget records. Mr. Aftergood is an electrical engineer by training (B.Sc., UCLA, 1977) and has published research in solid state physics. He joined the FAS staff in 1989. He has authored or co-authored papers and essays in Scientific American, Science, New Scientist, Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, and Issues in Science and Technology, on topics including space nuclear power, atmospheric effects of launch vehicles, and government information policy. From 1992-1998, he served on the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council. For his work on confronting government secrecy, Mr. Aftergood has received the James Madison Award from the American Library Association (2006), the Public Access to Government Information Award from the American Association of Law Libraries (2006), and the Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award from the Playboy Foundation (2004). The Federation of American Scientists, founded in 1945 by Manhattan Project scientists, is a non-profit national organization of scientists and engineers concerned with issues of science and national security policy. He also is a member of the Collaboration on Government Secrecy's Advisory Board. March 16, 2009.

DANIEL S. ALCORN

Dan Alcorn is counsel for the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers in its Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) suit to force the Department of Justice to release the Inspector General's various draft reports on the FBI lab, and underlying working papers and interviews to the American public. He is a partner in the Vienna, Virginia law firm of Fensterwald & Alcorn, where he specializes in Freedom of Information Act and constitutional issues litigation.

He graduated with distinction from the University of Virginia in 1977, and from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1980. He is a member of the Virginia and District of Columbia Bar Associations, and the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. He has also devoted himself to public service in Virginia and the Nation's Capital Area, including service as Special Counsel to the Office of the Attorney General, Commonwealth of Virginia; Director and Vice-Chairman of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority; and a member of the Dulles Corridor Task Force. September 29, 2008.

RYAN ALEXANDER

Ryan Alexander joined Taxpayers for Common Sense (TCS) as president in November 2006, after serving on the board for more than seven years. Over the past two decades, Ryan has served as a non-profit advocate, manager, funder, and consultant to TCS. Previously, she served as Executive Director of the Common Cause Education Fund, the research and education affiliate of Common Cause, a consultant to foundations and advocacy organizations, a foundation program officer, and a litigating attorney. She co-founded the Appalachian Center for the Economy and the Environment, which she continues to chair, and sits on the board of directors of the Project on Government Oversight. Ryan received a bachelor's degree with honors from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., a law degree from the University of Wisconsin at Madison, and was awarded a National Association for Public Interest Law Equal Justice Fellowship. March 16, 2009.

SCOTT ARMSTRONG

Scott Armstrong has been a Washington Post investigative reporter, a member of the board of several non-profits, and the founder of the National Security Archive. He currently is the executive director of the Information Trust and also works closely with the Aspen Institute. After commencing studies at Yale University in philosophy, Armstrong ended up going to law school and then working on Capitol Hill. While serving as a senior investigator for the Senate Watergate Committee, he conducted the interview with White House staff member Alexander Butterfield that led to the discovery of the President Nixon's White House taping system. Armstrong later conceived and founded the National Security Archive, a non-profit organization now housed at George Washington University that obtains and publishes declassified documents acquired through the FOIA, and he was one of the most prolific FOIA requesters ever. In 2001, he played an instrumental role in stopping the "Official Secrets Act," a provision that would have criminalized information disclosures by federal employees or whistleblowers for the first time in U.S. history. Together with Bob Woodward, he co-authored The Brethren, a ground-breaking account of the Supreme Court from 1969 through 1976, and he also was the principal researcher on The Final Days by Woodward and Carl Bernstein. March 16, 2009.

JASON R. BARON

Jason Baron has served as the National Archives and Record Administration's' Director of Litigation since May 2000. In this position, he is responsible for overseeing all litigation-related activities confronting the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), including complex federal court litigation involving access to federal and presidential records in NARA's custody. For the twelve-year period prior to his appointment as Director of Litigation, Mr. Baron held successive positions as trial attorney and senior counsel with the Federal Programs Branch of the Civil Division of the Department of Justice, where he represented the Archivist and various Executive Office of the President components in Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President (the "PROFS" case) and Public Citizen v. Carlin (the GRS 20 case), and was counsel of record in litigation involving regulation of the Internet. Mr. Baron serves as NARA's representative to The Sedona Conference®, where he is a member of the Steering Committee for Working Group 1 on Electronic Document Retention and Production, and serves as Editor-in-Chief of The Sedona Conference Best Practices Commentary on the Use of Search and Information Retrieval in E-Discovery. He is also a founding coordinator of the TREC Legal Track, an international research project organized through the National Institute of Standards and Technology to evaluate search protocols used in e-discovery. Immediately prior to joining the National Archives and Records Administration, Mr. Baron spent the Spring 2000 semester as a visiting scholar at the University of British Columbia School of Library, Archival, and Information Studies in Vancouver, B.C., where he taught a course on cyberspace law and participated in the InterPARES project. Mr. Baron received a B.A. degree magna cum laude in 1977 from Wesleyan University, and a J.D. degree in 1980 from the Boston University School of Law. He has authored many publications and is a frequent public speaker on the subject of the federal government's obligations with respect to the preservation of electronic records. He currently also is an Adjunct Professor in the University of Maryland's graduate College of Information Studies. March 16, 2009.

GARY D. BASS

Gary Bass is the Founder and Executive Director of OMB Watch. Since founding the advocacy organization in 1983, he has testified before Congress, appeared on national television, addressed groups across the country, and written extensively on federal budgetary, program management, regulatory and information policy issues. Dr. Bass is well known for assisting nonprofit organizations in better understanding federal rules and policies affecting their organizations and constituencies. He has been selected as one of the Nonprofit Times Power and Influence Top 50 each of the nine years of its existence. In 2006, the award noted, "Nobody is better at divining what legislative fine print means to the charitable sector, getting the translation out to leadership and rallying advocacy. Nothing slips by him. Nothing." In addition to his 20-year leadership in promoting policies that make government information more publicly accessible, he was a prominent voice after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in preserving the public's right to know. As a result of increased secrecy since 2001, Dr. Bass helped form the OpenTheGovernment.org coalition, which brings together the advocacy and journalism communities to defend against the growth of secrecy and to advance open government policies and priorities.

Technology has played an important part in Dr. Bass' career. In 1989, prior to broad use of the Internet, he created RTK NET (the Right-to-Know Network at www.rtknet.org), a free online computer service to provide community groups access to government data about toxic chemicals released by chemical companies. More than 540,000 visitors a year use RTK NET to obtain environmental and health data. In 2006, Dr. Bass oversaw creation of FedSpending.org, a free online database for citizens to find out where more than $12 trillion in federal money goes and who gets it. He also chairs OpenTheGovernment.org, Citizens for Sensible Safeguards, and NonprofitAdvocacy.org. And he has served on many panels and advisory bodies, including as a member of the Advisory Board of the Collaboration on Government Secrecy.

Dr. Bass has served on the faculty of the Nonprofit Management Executive Certificate Program at the Center for Public & Nonprofit Leadership at the Georgetown University Public Policy Institute. He has taught classes at Johns Hopkins University, American University, Wayne State University, and the University of Michigan. Prior to founding OMB Watch, Dr. Bass was President of the Human Services Information Center, where he wrote a book and numerous articles on human services issues and published the Human Services INSIDER, a bimonthly newsletter on the politics of federal human services program. He has also served as: Director of Liaison for the International Year of Disabled Persons; consultant on several projects in special education and the mental health of children, youth, most notably, the preparation of the first annual report to Congress on the implementation of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142); Special Assistant to Wilbur Cohen, then chair of the Michigan Governor's Task Force on the Investigation and Prevention of Abuse in Residential Institutions; Program Assistant at the Institute for Behavioral Research; and research roles in juvenile justice and community corrections. He received a combined doctorate in psychology and education in 1979 from the University of Michigan, along with the University's highest award for graduate student teaching and several awards for academic excellence. He received a Masters (1978) and BA (1975) from the University of Michigan. January 29, 2009; March 16, 2009.

HANNAH BERGMAN

Hannah Bergman is now a Jack Nelson Legal Fellow at the Reporters Committee of Freedom of the Press. She recently graduated from American University with a law degree from the Washington College of Law and a master's degree in journalism from AU's School of Communication. Throughout law school she focused on media law, working as a law clerk at Levine, Sullivan, Koch, and Schulz, LLP, at the National Security Archive, and at the Freedom Forum's First Amendment Center. Additionally, during her third law school year, she worked as a senior research assistant for the Collaboration on Government Secrecy. Prior to law school, she worked as a financial reporter in Washington and briefly for the Associated Press in London. January 29, 2009.

THOMAS S. BLANTON

Tom Blanton is Director of the National Security Archive, which is located at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. The Archive won U.S. journalism's George Polk Award in April 2000 for "piercing self-serving veils of government secrecy, guiding journalists in search for the truth, and informing us all." The Los Angeles Times (January 16, 2001) described the Archive as "the world's largest nongovernmental library of declassified documents." Tom served as the Archive's first Director of Planning & Research beginning in 1986, becoming Deputy Director in 1989 and Executive Director in 1992. He filed his first Freedom of Information Act request in 1976 as a weekly newspaper reporter in Minnesota; among many hundreds subsequently, he filed the FOIA request and subsequent lawsuit (with Public Citizen Litigation Group) that forced the release of Oliver North's Iran-Contra diaries in 1990.

Tom's books include White House E-Mail: The Top Secret Computer Messages the Reagan-Bush White House Tried to Destroy (New York: The New Press, 1995, 254 pp. + computer disk), which The New York Times described as "a stream of insights into past American policy, spiced with depictions of White House officials in poses they would never adopt for a formal portrait." He co-authored The Chronology (New York: Warner Books, 1987, 687 pp.) on the Iran-Contra affair, and he served as a contributing author to three editions of the ACLU's authoritative guide, Litigation Under the Federal Open Government Laws and to the Brookings Institution study Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 1998, 680 pp.). His articles have appeared in The International Herald-Tribune, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Boston Globe, Slate, the Wilson Quarterly, and many other publications.

A graduate of Harvard University, where he was an editor of the independent university daily newspaper The Harvard Crimson, Tom won Harvard's 1979 Newcomen Prize in history. He also received the 1996 American Library Association James Madison Award Citation for "defending the public's right to know" and more recently won the 2005 Emmy Award for outstanding individual achievement in news and documentary research on the documentary "Declassified: Nixon in China," produced by ABC News Productions for the Discovery Times Channel. Additionally, he is a founding editorial board member of freedominfo.org, the virtual network of international freedom of information advocates; serves on the editorial board of H-DIPLO, the diplomatic history electronic bulletin board; and is co-chair of the steering committee of the public interest coalition OpenTheGovernment.org, among other professional activities. March 16, 2009; September 28, 2009.

RICK BLUM

Rick Blum coordinates the Sunshine in Government Initiative, a collation of media groups, and prior to that likewise coordinated OpenTheGovernment.org, a broad coalition of journalists, labor, and free-speech and environmental advocates that fights the expansion of government secrecy. For several years he promoted public access to government information to safeguard public health and protect the environment. As a policy analyst at OMB Watch from 1997 to 2001, he worked with environmental groups, librarians, freedom-of-information advocates, and others in the 1999 fight to maintain public access to chemical accident risk management plans. He has worked on other environmental right-to-know issues and has experience in grassroots organizing as well. Rick has also testified before Congress on EPA's science program. Before returning to OMB Watch to coordinate efforts to fight government secrecy, he conducted research on the effects of the commercialization of science on environmental and public health protections. He holds a master's degree from Indiana University, where his studies focused on democratization efforts in Russia, and a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley. January 16, 2008; January 29, 2009.

WILLIAM J. BOSANKO

Jay Bosanko was appointed as the Director of the Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO) in April of 2008. As such, he is responsible for policy oversight of the Government-wide security classification system and the National Industrial Security Program. ISOO receives its policy and program guidance from the National Security Council and is a component of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). In this capacity, Mr. Bosanko also serves as the Executive Secretary of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel and the Public Interest Declassification Board and as the Chairman of the National Industrial Security Program Policy Advisory Committee. Mr. Bosanko has more than sixteen years of experience working issues related to the classification, safeguarding, and declassification of classified national security information, more than ten of which have been in positions of increasing responsibility at ISOO. On May 21, 2008, Mr. Bosanko was also appointed as the Director of NARA's Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) Office. In this capacity, Mr. Bosanko carries out the responsibilities of NARA as the Executive Agent under the President's Memorandum of May 9, 2008, "Designation and Sharing of Controlled Unclassified Information." These responsibilities include overseeing and managing the implementation of the CUI Framework as well as serving as the Chairman of the CUI Council, a subcommittee of the Information Sharing Council. Prior to joining ISOO in December of 1998, Mr. Bosanko worked on NARA's Special Access and FOIA Staff and NARA's Records Declassification Division. Mr. Bosanko holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Susquehanna University (Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania). March 16, 2009.

DANIELLE BRIAN

Since 1993, Danielle Brian has been the Executive Director of the Project on Government Oversight (POGO), a nonprofit government watchdog. She frequently testifies before Congress and appears in major national news outlets, including ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox News, Washington Post, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, USA TODAY, and National Public Radio. Ms. Brian has led numerous investigations that have exposed wasteful government spending and helped precipitate policy reforms improving government programs. Under her watch, POGO prevailed in a lawsuit against then-Attorney General John Ashcroft for retroactively classifying FBI documents; forced the government to apply environmental standards to the super-secret Area 51 facility; forced the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to back down on its excessive secrecy regarding lax security at the Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant outside New York City; and has advocated for the rights of whistleblowers and other dissenters to have their voices heard. Before becoming executive director of POGO, Ms. Brian worked as a producer for television documentaries, as a policy analyst at the Arms Control and Foreign Policy Congressional Caucus, and as a research associate at POGO. Brian earned a master's degree in International Relations from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University in 1990. January 29, 2009; March 16, 2009.

MARY ELLEN CALLAHAN

Mary Ellen Callahan was appointed as the Chief Privacy Officer of the Department of Homeland Security by Secretary Janet A. Napolitano on March 9, 2009. She also is DHS's Chief FOIA Officer, holding direct responsibility for one of the largest FOIA operations in the federal government, and as such is the Obama Administration's highest-ranking political appointee with direct FOIA responsibilities. Before joining DHS, Ms. Callahan specialized in privacy, data security, and consumer protection law as a partner at Hogan & Hartson LLP, where she worked for more than ten years. She was the Co-Chair of Online Privacy Alliance, a self-regulatory group of corporations and associations established to create an environment of trust and foster the protection of individuals' privacy online. Ms. Callahan also served as Vice-Chair of the American Bar Association's Privacy and Information Security Committee of its Antitrust Section. A frequent author and speaker on privacy issues, she was selected in 2008 as a "Band 1" privacy and data security lawyer in the United States by Chambers and Partners. Ms. Callahan holds a Juris Doctor from the University of Chicago Law School and graduated magna cum laude from the University of Pittsburgh. Prior to law school, she worked at the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress as part of the Special Task Force on the Development of Parliamentary Institutions in Eastern Europe. April 28, 2009.

PATRICK M. CLAWSON

Pat Clawson is an award-winning investigative reporter and private investigator based in both Washington, D.C. and Flint, Michigan who specializes in probes of financial fraud, organized crime, terrorism, and public corruption. He began his career in 1969 as a reporter with the Flint (Mich.) Journal and his national media credentials includes duty as a Washington, D.C.-based on-air investigative reporter for the original CNN Special Assignments Unit and NBC News; White House correspondent for the Independent TV News Association (Metromedia TV); Capitol Hill correspondent for Independent Network News (Tribune Broadcasting); Washington Bureau Chief of Radio & Records, the newspaper division of the Westwood One Companies; radio talk show host at the Radio America Network, WABC/New York and WRC/Washington; Congressional Editor of Washington Crime News Services; Director of Sales, Marketing & Strategy for the Radio America Network; and President/CEO of TeleGrafix Communications, one of America's first Internet media companies. He is a former elected member of the board of directors of the U.S. Congress Periodical Press Gallery and has served as a judge for several national media award competitions, including those of the National Association of Broadcasters and the Society of Professional Journalists.

In addition, Pat has worked as a private investigator since 1974 on cases involving international financial frauds, Mafia bombings, public corruption, domestic terrorism, and corporate crime. His investigation of Missouri police bribery by private detectives led to the first criminal convictions under the federal Privacy Act. As Executive Director of the Saginaw Valley (Mich.) Crime Commission, he testified in 1980 before a U.S. Senate committee about his investigations of Mafia racketeering and Mexican drug trafficking in Michigan. From 2002 through 2008, was a spokesman and defense investigator for attorneys representing Dr. Steven J. Hatfill, the former government scientist who was wrongfully labeled by Attorney General John Ashcroft as a "person of interest" in the 2001 anthrax terrorism investigation.

Pat has won numerous national journalism awards for his investigations of domestic terrorism, financial crime, the Mafia and public corruption, including a National Emmy Citation for Community Service Broadcasting, the Janus Award for Financial Journalism, the Amos Tuck Financial Journalism Prize, and investigative reporting prizes from the Associated Press and Radio-Television News Directors Association. He was part of a team that won a George Polk Memorial Award for computer-assisted investigations of the administration of justice in a Michigan court. April 28, 2009.

LOREN A. COCHRAN

Loren Cochran, from Washington State, serves as the Freedom of Information Service Center Director for the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. He was a trial attorney with the Seattle-Tacoma law firm of Gordon Thomas Honeywell Malanca Peterson & Daheim, with experience in access litigation and defamation. Prior to his law career, Loren worked as an investigative and special projects producer at television stations in Seattle, Tampa and Boston. His work in broadcast news produced two Emmy awards. Loren earned his law degree from the Boston College Law School and is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Washington, where he majored in political science in communications. January 16, 2008.

WENDELL COCHRAN

Wendell Cochran served for many years as head of the Journalism Division of American University's School of Communication (SOC) and now oversees American University's new Investigative Reporting Workshop together with co-founder Charles Lewis. An SOC faculty member since 1992, Professor Cochran has spent more than 40 years practicing and teaching journalism. Along the way he has covered everything from local government to Congress to presidential campaigns. He has bylines from nearly 40 of the 50 states, working as a business reporter, special projects editor, and project director for leading news organizations, including the Kansas City Star, Des Moines Register and Gannett News Service. He has also worked as a contributing editor to Top Producer, a leading agriculture magazine. He spent most of his journalism career as a business reporter and editor, specializing in topics such as agricultural policy, international trade, and banking and finance. His stories have won or shared four national reporting awards, including the Amos Tuck Award for Economic Understanding, the John Hancock Award for Business Reporting, and the National Headliners Award. He has written extensively on the role that nonprofit institutions can play in the emerging media landscape in such venues as Columbia Journalism Review and Nieman Reports. He also has continued his work in journalism as a Freedom Forum Journalist-in-Residence (in 2000) and as a contributor to several professional publications including: American Journalism Review; Quill; The Journal of Mass Media Ethics; The Electronic Journal of Communication; American Editor; and the IRE Journal. He also is the co-author of Inside the Beltway: A Guide to Washington Reporting (Second Edition).

Professor Cochran teaches advanced-level journalism courses, including Advanced Reporting, Seminar in Journalism, and Journalism Ethics. Students in his undergraduate Advanced Reporting class frequently have been able to produce stories published by professional news organizations. Graduate students in his Seminar in Journalism have served as research assistants for books, including Inside the Beltway and Buying of the President 2004, a best-selling book by Charles Lewis, founder of the Center for Public Integrity and now a Distinguished Journalist-in-Residence on the SOC faculty. Atop all of that, Professor Cochran's primary area of academic research interest is the administration of the federal Freedom of Information Act. January 29, 2009; April 28, 2009.

RONALD K.L. COLLINS

Ron Collins is a scholar at the Washington, D.C. office of the First Amendment Center of the Freedom Forum at the Newseum. He writes and lectures on freedom of expression and oversees the online library component of the First Amendment Center's Web site. Before coming to the Center, he served as a law clerk to Justice Hans A. Linde on the Oregon Supreme Court and thereafter was a Judicial Fellow under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger at the U.S. Supreme Court. He was elected president of the Supreme Court Fellows Alumni Association in 2008. Ron has taught constitutional law and commercial law at Temple Law School and George Washington University Law School, and he has written constitutional briefs that were submitted to the Supreme Court and various other federal and state high courts. He has also published more than fifty articles in scholarly journals such as the Harvard, Stanford, and Michigan law reviews. His writings on the First Amendment have appeared in Columbia Journalism Review, The Nation, The New York Times, and The Washington Post, among other publications.

Ron is co-author (with David Skover) of The Trials of Lenny Bruce (2002) and The Death of Discourse (1996/2nd ed., 2006), and he is the editor of Constitutional Government in America (1981). His next book is Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.: A Free Speech Reader (Cambridge University Press, 2010) and after that, Mania: The Madcap Stories of the Lives that Launched a Generation (with David Skover) (2010). His latest scholarly article is "Foreword: To America's Tomorrow Commerce, Communication & the Future of Free Speech," 41 Loyola, Los Angeles, Law Review 1-39 (April 2008). In 2003, he and David Skover successfully petitioned the governor of New York to posthumously pardon Lenny Bruce, for which they received the Hugh Hefner First Amendment Award. In September 2006, Ron conducted a public interview with Anthony Lewis at the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University, and in February 2008 he interviewed Lewis for C-SPAN's "Book TV." April 28, 2009.

LUCY A. DALGLISH

Lucy Dalglish is the Executive Director of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, a position she has held for since 2000. Prior to that, she was an attorney with a Minneapolis law firm from 1995 to 2000 and worked from 1980-93 as a reporter and editor at the St. Paul Pioneer Press. As an expert on the effect of government secrecy in the post-Sept. 11 world, she has testified before both state legislatures and congressional committees about access to government information and government secrecy. She has spoken throughout the United States on FOIA issues and serves on the board of directors of the National Freedom of Information Coalition and the Virginia Coalition for Open Government. From 1996 to 2000, Ms. Dalglish was legal counsel to the Minnesota Library Association. She served three years as national chair of the Society of Professional Journalists Freedom of Information Committee in the early 1990s, and she was awarded the Wells Memorial Key, the highest honor bestowed by the SPJ, in 1995 for her work as chair of the FOI Committee and for service as a national board member. She also is a member of the Collaboration on Government Secrecy's Advisory Board. January 29, 2009; April 28, 2009.

JOHN F. DALY

John Daly is Deputy General Counsel for Litigation at the Federal Trade Commission, where he focuses on the Commission's appellate and Supreme Court litigation, in both the antitrust and consumer protection areas. Prior to joining the Commission in 1998, he served for many years as a senior attorney in the Civil Division of the Department of Justice, where he specialized in appellate litigation and collaborated with longtime appellate FOIA litigation supervisor Leonard Schaitman on the handling of the Reporter Committee case. His work at both agencies has included the defense of personal privacy interests, in both Reporters Committee and other FOIA privacy cases at the Department of Justice, and in cases that challenged the constitutionality of the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the National Do Not Call Registry at the FTC. He previously practiced at the law firm of Wald, Harkrader & Ross, and he began his legal career as a judicial clerk to Circuit Judge John C. Godbold of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. John earned degrees at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University Michigan Law School. April 28, 2009.

THOMAS M. DEVINE

Tom Devine is the Legal Director of the Government Accountability Project (GAP), where he has worked since January 1979. GAP is a non-profit, non-partisan public-interest organization that champions the rights of whistleblowers, employees who exercise freedom of speech to challenge abuses of power that betray the public trust. During his three decades at GAP, he has represented or informally helped more than 4000 whistleblowers to make a difference, such as by stopping nuclear power plants that were accidents waiting to happen and blocking deregulation of meat inspection. He has been a leader in the campaigns to pass or defend nearly all major national or international whistleblower laws, from the breakthrough right to jury trials for corporate whistleblowers in the Sarbanes-Oxley law, to the December 2005 U.N. policy legalizing public freedom of expression for its own whistleblowers. He also has authored or co-authored numerous law review articles and books, including his "lessons learned" manual, Courage Without Martyrdom: The Whistleblower's Survival Guide. January 29, 2009.

REBECCA DOUGHERTY

Rebecca Daugherty currently is the Immediate Past President of the American Society of Access Professionals and has been a leading member of the openness-in-government community for nearly twenty-five years. From 1987 until 2006, she was director of the FOI Service Center, a special project of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, where she was the editor of Tapping Officials' Secrets, a state-by-state guide to open records and open meeting laws, as well as of How to Use the Federal FOI Act, a guide to federal access laws. Additionally, she serves on the board of the Society of Environmental Journalists. Rebecca is an attorney, has been a reporter and a copy editor for several newspapers, and also was a FOI specialist at the U.S. Department of the Interior. She holds two journalism degrees from the University of Missouri and a law degree from the University of Missouri-Kansas City. April 28, 2009.

THOMAS J. DOWNEY

Former Congressman Thomas J. Downey, Chairman of the Downey McGrath Group, Inc., founded this government affairs consulting firm in January, 1993. Downey McGrath is an independent, bipartisan firm. Tom is a hands-on leader who participates in the active management of each client's activities and personally advocates on their behalf. Since 1993 the firm has represented Fortune 500 companies, labor unions, non-profit organizations, trade associations, and coalitions in their dealings with the Federal government. He has worked on a wide variety of issues including taxes, health care, telecommunications, environment, and appropriations on their behalf. Tom and the firm have also successfully represented a number of clients on "transactional" issues with the federal government, such as the mergers of AOL and Time Warner, Chevron and Texaco and Exxon and Mobil.

Tom was elected to Congress in 1974 at the age of 25 (as the youngest Member of the 94th Congress) and served as the Democratic representative of the 2nd District of New York until 1993. He began his service on the Armed Services Committee and was later appointed to the House Budget Committee, and the Ways and Means Committee, where he served for fourteen years. On the Armed Services Committee, Tom was an adviser to both the SALT and START arms negotiations talks, and is a past president of Parliamentarians for Global Action, an international arms control organization. At Ways and Means, Tom championed mortgage revenue bonds, saving the state and local property and income tax deduction, and the earned income tax credit. He also served as the Acting Chairman of the Ways and Means Subcommittee on Human Resources for five years, where he was the chief House architect of the 1988 welfare reform legislation, the Family Support Act, and of landmark child care legislation. Tom also chaired the Subcommittee on Human Services of the House Select Committee on Aging from 1987 to 1993. In addition, he co-authored the original Superfund legislation, and later led efforts to expand Superfund. As a senior member of the Trade Subcommittee, he sponsored the legislation which created a Free Trade Zone with Israel. He played a critical role in GSP legislation, the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Act, and in the 1984 and 1988 Omnibus Trade Acts, particularly in the area of the intellectual property provisions.

Tom's leadership and record of success didn't end with his departure from Congress. In 1993, he was asked by President Clinton to lead the private-sector effort to build bipartisan Congressional support for the passage of the NAFTA enabling legislation and later was asked to head the bipartisan effort to pass the Uruguay Round GATT legislation. His success on trade matters continues to this day: In 2000 he was one of the leading lobbyists fighting for the passage of Permanent Normal Trade Relations with China. In 1992 Tom headed the HHS, HUD, and VA cluster of the 1992 Presidential transition, and was later appointed to the Bipartisan Commission on Entitlement and Tax Reform (the Kerrey Commission). During the 1996 and 2000 presidential campaigns, Tom assisted Vice President Al Gore in his debate preparation. Tom serves on the boards of the SEED Foundation, World Hunger Year, Council for A Livable World, the American League of Lobbyists, the Long Island Foreign Affairs Forum, and the Center for Social Gerontology. March 16, 2009.

KEVIN DUNION

Kevin Dunion, OBE, MA, MSc, FRSA, the Scottish Information Commissioner, is a public official appointed by Her Majesty The Queen on the nomination of the Scottish Parliament. He is responsible for enforcing and promoting Scotland's freedom of information laws and employs a staff of 23 in fulfilling this responsibility. He was appointed as the first Scottish Information Commissioner in February 2003, for a term of five years, before Scotland’s Freedom of Information Act (2002) came fully into force on January 1, 2005. In February 2008, he was reappointed for a second and final term, which runs for four years until 2012. In the four years since Scotland’s FOIA took effect (in conjunction with the U.K.'s FOIA, with which it partly overlaps), Kevin has taken more than 700 formal decisions in respect of appeals. Some of these decisions have been especially high-profile ones, such as requiring the disclosure of Scottish Parliament Members’ expense claims, the publication of surgeons' mortality rates (the first such comprehensive disclosure anywhere in the world), and the release of an entire PFI contract for the building and maintenance of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.

Kevin also champions the spirit and principle of freedom of information, and he is frequently asked to speak to and write about the Scottish experience with freedom of information. As well as addressing Scottish audiences, he is keen to engage with international developments and over the past few years he has hosted a visit by the Chief Commissioner for India, worked with the British Council, advised on the Malawi Access to Information Bill, and contributed as an international consultant to The Carter Center's program on access to information in Jamaica. He addressed the 5th International Conference of Information Commissioners (ICIC) in New Zealand in November 2007 and the 2nd International Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data Conference in Mexico City in November 2008. He also spoke at the “FOI Live” transparency conference held in London in June 2009.

Kevin was educated at the University of St. Andrews (MA (Hons) Modern History 1978) and at the University of Edinburgh (MSc (Dist) African Studies 1991). Before becoming the Scottish Information Commissioner, he was for many years a prominent campaigner for freedom of information. With funding from the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, he established two research projects that examined the performance of public bodies in Scotland with regard to providing access to information, employed Scotland's only full- time Freedom of Information campaigner, and gave evidence to the Justice Committee scrutinizing the passage of the Bill through the Scottish Parliament. Following stints in the civil service and university administration, Kevin joined Oxfam as Campaigns Manager and then took up the post of Chief Executive of Friends of the Earth Scotland. From 1996 to 2000, he also very notably served as Chairman of Friends of the Earth International, heading delegations to the United Nations and the European Commission. It was for this role that he was awarded an OBE in 2000.

Kevin also serves as Co-Director of the Centre for Freedom of Information of Dundee Law School, an academic center established at the University of Dundee in 2009 that, after the Collaboration on Government Secrecy, is now the second such center at any law school in the world. September 28, 2009.

ANDREW ECCLESTONE

Andrew Ecclestone works on the Policy and Professional Practice team of the Office of the Ombudsmen in New Zealand. His work there has included managing a project to improve the Office's information management, drafting the Office's statement of strategic direction, and undertaking international liaison. In 2007 he was the Organizer of the 5th International Conference of Information Commissioners. He has spoken at workshops and provided advice on FOI to governments, information commissioners, and civil society in Mexico, Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, and Cambodia. He moved to New Zealand from the United Kingdom in 2003 to study for a Masters in Public Policy. Prior to that move, he spent two years on secondment to the UK government to assist its work on implementation of the Freedom of Information Act 2000. During that time he also represented the UK in Council of Europe negotiations to conclude Recommendation 2002(2) on Access to Official Documents, and visited Mexico twice to advise on implementation of the FOI law there. He started his career in FOI at the UK Campaign for Freedom of Information in 1993, working there with Maurice Frankel for eight years to secure improved access to central and local government information. He has an Honours degree in History from the University of Sussex, is an Honorary Senior Research Fellow at University College London, and is on the editorial board of the Open Government Journal. September 28, 2007.

ROY T. ENGLERT, JR.

Roy Englert is a partner in the law firm of Robbins, Russell, Englert, Orseck, Untereiner & Sauber LLP. An appellate litigator and antitrust lawyer, he served in the Office of the Solicitor General from 1986 to 1989 and more recently was a partner in the Washington office of Mayer, Brown & Platt. He has argued eighteen cases before the United States Supreme Court, including the Reporters Committee case, and numerous cases in the lower appellate courts. Roy's recent appellate litigation has been in such disparate fields as milk regulation, racketeering law (RICO), employment discrimination, bankruptcy, ERISA, regulation of transportation industries, the death penalty, and antitrust. He has written and spoken about techniques of appellate advocacy and about substantive issues of antitrust, bankruptcy, civil procedure, constitutional law, and employment discrimination. Roy received an A.B. in mathematics in 1978 from Princeton University and received a J.D., cum laude, in 1981 from Harvard Law School, where he served as Executive Editor of the Harvard Law Review. Immediately after law school, he was a law clerk for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Roy currently serves as an adjunct professor working with the Appellate Litigation Clinic of the Georgetown University Law Center. April 28, 2009.

WILLIAM G. FERROGGIARO

Will Ferroggiaro serves as Policy Counsel and Governance Advisor for International Sustainable Systems, a Washington, D.C. consultancy, where he focuses on conflict prevention, government accountability, and citizen participation. He has more than 15 years of expertise as a practitioner and advocate for transparency and good governance. For more than a decade he directed the freedom of information program at the National Security Archive, an award-winning public interest group based at George Washington University. Among other responsibilities, he managed the organization's relations with federal agencies, co-authored two major audits of federal information policy, submitted comments on federal agency regulations and testimony to national commissions, and supervised the FOIA research of Archive staff. He also has served as an expert instructor in the U.S. Department of Justice's Advanced FOIA Seminar and the U.S. Department of State and Department of Energy programs.

Will's open government work has increasingly been focused abroad. In the U.S. he has briefed visiting delegations of the U.S. Department of Defense Partnership for Peace and U.S. Department of State's International Visitor programs and has trained investigative journalists for World Bank Institute seminars. Under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State or local host organizations, he has advocated for access to information and government transparency on four continents, among other activities, training Macedonia's new FOI commission, keynoting Canada's Treasury Board Secretariat access officer's conference, and training Romania's first public information officers. He has twice been elected president of the American Society of Access Professionals, where he coordinated and presented remarks at "'best practice": conferences and seminars, and he is an associate member of the Canadian Access and Privacy Association. Will has spoken at conferences of the Investigative Reporters and Editors, Freedom Forum, among others, and has appeared on programs of C-SPAN, Voice of America, BBC, and CBC television. He holds a B.S. in Political Science and B.S. in German from Santa Clara University, and an M.A. in International Affairs from American University. March 17, 2008.

ARNE FLIFLET

Arne Fliflet has been the Parliamentary Ombudsman of Norway for nearly two decades, a tenure longer than that of any other current information commissioner worldwide. First appointed by the Storting to this position in 1990, he subsequently has been re-appointed four times. In Norway, the Parliamentary Ombudsman supervises public administration agencies, which is carried out on the basis of complaints from citizens concerning any maladministration or injustice on the part of an agency, including the denial of access to government information. The Parliamentary Ombudsman processes complaints that apply to national government, municipal, or county administrations and also may address issues on his own initiative.

Arne was born in 1946 and received his law degree in 1971. He was a university lecturer in jurisprudence at Oslo University in 1973 and has subsequently lectured on public law at the Universities of Oslo, Bergen, and Tromsø, as well as acting as an examiner in this field. From 1974 to 1975, he was Assistant Judge in Førde in Sunnfjord, and then from 1975 to 1990 he practiced law, both in public administration and in a private practice. From 1976 to 1986, he worked at the office of the Attorney General, interrupted by a study period in London in 1979 and a period as Public Prosecutor at the Eidsivating Public Prosecutor’s office during 1980-81. He was granted “right of audience” (advocacy rights) in the Supreme Court in 1978 and was permanent counsel for the defense in Eidsivating Court of Appeal from 1989 to 1990. Over the years, he also has published specialist literature on public law, both in book form as well as articles. In 2009, he led the international transparency community by serving as host of the 6th International Conference of Information Commissioners (ICIC) in Oslo. September 28, 2009.

SHARON BRADFORD FRANKLIN

Sharon Bradford Franklin serves as Senior Counsel at The Constitution Project, an independent think tank that promotes and defends constitutional safeguards. She works principally with the Project's bipartisan Liberty and Security Committee, seeking to protect Americans' civil liberties as well as our nation's security post-September 11th. Previously, Ms. Franklin served as a Trial Attorney in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice; as a Special Counsel in the Office of General Counsel at the Federal Communications Commission; and as Executive Director of the Washington Council of Lawyers. She graduated from Harvard College and Yale Law School. January 29, 2009.

AMANDA FROST

Amanda Frost joined the faculty of WCL in 2004. She specializes in the federal court system and federal jurisdiction, civil procedure, statutory interpretation, and transparency in government. Prior to coming to WCL, Professor Frost was a staff attorney for Public Citizen, where she litigated cases in the federal courts of appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court. Professor Frost clerked for Judge A. Raymond Randolph of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, and she has consulted for the Open Society Foundation and USAID. In 2001, she was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to study administrative law reform in the European Union. March 17, 2008.

MEREDITH FUCHS

Meredith Fuchs serves as the General Counsel to the nongovernmental National Security Archive, housed at George Washington University. At the Archive, she oversees Freedom of Information Act and anti-secrecy litigation, advocates for open government, and frequently lectures on access to government information. She has supervised six governmentwide audits of federal agency FOIA performance, including two released in 2007: "40 Years of FOIA, 20 Years of Delay: Oldest Pending FOIA Requests Date Back to the 1980s" and "File Not Found: Ten Years After E-FOIA, Most Agencies are Delinquent." She is the author of "Judging Secrets: The Role Courts Should Play in Preventing Unnecessary Secrecy," 58 Admin. L. Rev. 131 (2006), and co-author of "Greasing the Wheels of Justice: Independent Experts in National Security Cases," 28 Nat'l Sec. L. Rep. 1 (2006). Previously she was a partner at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Wiley Rein & Fielding LLP. Ms. Fuchs served as a law clerk to the Honorable Patricia M. Wald, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and to the Honorable Paul L. Friedman, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. She received her J.D. from the New York University School of Law and her B.Sc. from the London School of Economics and Political Science. January 16, 2008; March 17, 2008; January 29, 2009.

STEVEN GARFINKEL

Steve Garfinkel enjoyed a highly distinguished career in federal service for more than 30 years, during which he held several leadership positions in the field of transparency and national security classification. From 1980 until his retirement in 2002, he was Director of the Information Security Oversight Office (ISOO), located originally at the General Services Administration, then briefly at the Office of Management and Budget, and most recently at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). (ISOO receives its policy guidance from the National Security Council.) In that capacity, he also served as Executive Secretary of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP), which was created by President Clinton under Executive Order 12,958 in 1995, and he reported to a succession of five presidents. Ancillary to his role as the Director of ISOO, Mr. Garfinkel served as Chairman of the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group (2000-2006), and subsequent to his retirement he was a presidential appointee to a four-year term (2004-2008) as a Member of the Public Interest Declassification Board.

Prior to his appointment as head of ISOO, Mr. Garfinkel served for almost ten years in the Office of General Counsel of the General Services Administration -- as the Chief Counsel for the National Archives and Records Service, Chief Counsel for Information and Privacy, and Chief Counsel for Civil Rights, where he was the lead agency attorney on the precedent-setting case of Fund for Constitutional Government v. National Archives & Records Service, which involved three-quarters of a million pages of Watergate Special Prosecution Force records. During his career he earned more than 25 written commendations or citations from Presidents G.H. Bush, Clinton, G.H.W. Bush, Reagan, Carter, and Ford, including the Presidential Rank Award of Meritorious Federal Executive. Mr. Garfinkel also received awards and commendations from many federal departments and agencies, and from non-government professional and service organizations. In 1989, the American Defense Preparedness Association presented him with its first "Security Man of the Year Award," and in 1999 the National Classification Management Society presented him with its "President's Award." Upon his retirement, he was presented with NARA's Lifetime Achievement Award by the Archivist of the United States and with a special Freedom of Information Act award by the Office of Information and Privacy at the Department of Justice. Mr. Garfinkel holds an A.B. with Distinction (1967) from George Washington University, a J.D. with Honors (1970) from that university's National Law Center (where he was a Trustee Scholar), and an M.A. in Teaching (2004) from Towson University. In his "retirement," he is a full-time teacher of Social Studies, Government Law, and Sociology at Albert Einstein High School in Kensington, Maryland. March 16, 2009.

MIKE GERMAN

Mike German holds the position of National Security Policy Counsel at the American Civil Liberties Union. Prior to that, he served for 16 years as a Special Agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, where he specialized in domestic terrorism and covert operations and twice infiltrated right-wing extremist groups, resulting in important criminal convictions in anti-terrorism cases. He left the FBI in 2004, subsequently testifying before Congress that he had been retaliated against for reporting the intentional falsification of records in a counterterrorism investigation. He also has served as a senior fellow at GlobalSecurity.org and as an adjunct professor at the National Defense University. A philosophy graduate of Wake Forest University, he has a law degree from Northwestern University Law School. January 29, 2009.

KEVIN M. GOLDBERG

Kevin Goldberg is a Special Counsel to Fletcher, Heald & Hildreth, P.L.C. His expertise is in First Amendment issues, especially those relating to newspaper and Internet publishing. He regularly advocates issues involving freedom of speech on behalf of press organizations, including lobbying against a proposed constitutional amendment that would allow criminalization of flag desecration, lobbying in favor of increased access to government records and proceedings, and protecting the rights and privileges of reporters. Kevin also consults regularly with these organizations concerning the continued freedom of speech on the Internet, focusing on issues such as regulation and voluntary implementation of blocking software. He assists newspapers and television and radio stations in prepublication review of stories for possible legal problems.

Kevin's interest in the First Amendment stems from an undergraduate major in communications, with concentrations in TV/Radio and Journalism, at James Madison University, from which he graduated Magna Cum Laude in 1992. After graduating from James Madison, he attended law school at George Washington University, where he graduated with high honors in 1995 and was named to the Order of the Coif. Kevin received the 1995 Imogene Williford Constitutional Law Award for his exemplary achievements in that academic area during his three years of law school. He served as the research assistant to Constitutional Law Professor C. Thomas Dienes, assisting him in updating and editing his books on constitutional law and researching issues concerning access to court proceedings and judicial records for the book Newsgathering and the Law.

Kevin is licensed to practice in Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia. In addition to his law practice, he is an adjunct professor at George Mason University, where he teaches Journalism Law. He is a member of Board of Directors of the District of Columbia’s Public Access Television Corporation and the First Amendment Advisory Council of the nonprofit organization The Media Institute, as well as the Federal Communications Bar Association, and the Virginia Coalition for Open Government. He has also written several articles on First Amendment Law. He co-wrote, with Richard M. Schmidt, Jr., chapters dealing with libel law in the 1997, 1998, and 1999 versions of The First Amendment and The Media, a publication of The Media Institute. Kevin and Dick Schmidt also co-wrote an article entitled "The Reardon Report" for the Winter 1998 edition of the Media Studies Journal and an article for the Winter 1999 edition of Communications Lawyer about their experiences in Cuba, entitled "Castro -- Alive and Well -- Continues 40 Years of Controlling Cubans' Speech." January 16, 2008; September 29, 2008; September 28, 2009.

LYDIA KAY GRIGGSBY

Lydia Griggsby is the Chief Counsel for Privacy and Information Policy for the Senate Judiciary Committee. This unique position calls for Ms. Griggsby to provide legal and policy advice to Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy on a wide range of issues at the intersection of privacy, the Freedom of Information Act, freedom of the press, and civil liberties. Ms. Griggsby was the chief Senate counsel to negotiate the first reforms to FOIA in more than a decade -- the OPEN Government Act of 2007 -- signed into law on December 31, 2007. She has also provided legal advice on issues such as journalist shield legislation, data privacy and security, health information privacy, and cyber crime. Ms. Griggsby has been a government attorney throughout most of her legal career, serving six years as an Assistant United States Attorney with the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia and three years with the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice. Prior to her appointment to the Department of Justice, she was an associate with the law firm of DLA Piper. Ms. Griggsby is a graduate of the Georgetown University Law Center and the University of Pennsylvania. March 17, 2008; January 29, 2009.

JIM HARPER

As Director of Information Policy Studies at the Cato Institute, Jim Harper focuses on the difficult problems of adapting law and policy to the unique problems of the information age. Jim is a member of the Department of Homeland Security's Data Privacy and Integrity Advisory Committee. His work has been cited by USA Today, the Associated Press, and Reuters. He has appeared on Fox News Channel, CBS, and MSNBC, and other media. His scholarly articles have appeared in the Administrative Law Review, the Minnesota Law Review, and the Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly. Recently, he wrote the book Identity Crisis: How Identification Is Overused and Misunderstood. Jim also is the editor of Privacilla.org, a Web-based think tank devoted exclusively to privacy, and he maintains the online federal spending resource WashingtonWatch.com. He holds a J.D. from UC Hastings College of Law. April 28, 2009.

NATHANIEL HELLER

Nathaniel Heller is Managing Director of Global Integrity, an off-shoot of the Center for Public Integrity that tracks governance and corruption trends around the world. He joined the Center for Public Integrity in 1999, handling both public service and government accountability issues. His work was covered by the Associated Press, The Washington Post, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Chicago Tribune, Moscow Times, The Guardian (London), and Newsweek. In 2002, he joined the State Department, focusing on European security and transatlantic relations. He later served as a foreign policy fellow to Senator Edward Kennedy in 2004. In 2005, Mr. Heller returned to stand up Global Integrity as an independent international organization and has led the group since then. He holds a Masters of Science in Foreign Service from Georgetown University and a Bachelors of International Relations and Spanish Literature from the University of Delaware. March 17, 2008; September 29, 2008.

SARAH HOLSEN

Sarah Holsen is the Access to Information Research Fellow with the Department of Political Science's Constitution Unit at University College London (UCL), which specializes in freedom of information and information-policy research and policy development. She joined UCL in 2004 after completing a Masters degree in Public Administration at the Maxwell School of Syracuse University and a Masters in Latin American Studies at the University of California, San Diego, and she soon will be pursuing a Ph.D. at the Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration in Lausanne, Switzerland. Having worked on several projects relating to freedom of information issues in the U.S. and Canada, Sarah has a background in comparative access to information research. She also has worked with local government officials both in the U.S. and Japan and in the human rights field in Ecuador. September 28, 2007.

JAMIE P. HORSLEY

Jamie Horsley is Deputy Director of the China Law Center, and also holds the dual positions of Senior Research Scholar and Lecturer in Law, at Yale Law School. Her academic subjects are the law of China and Chinese legal reform, and her project work revolves primary around issues of administrative law and regulatory reform, including promoting government transparency, public participation, improved dispute resolution, and government accountability. Prior to joining Yale, she was a partner in the international law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison; Commercial Attaché in the U.S. Embassies in Beijing and Manila; Vice President of Motorola International, Inc. and Director of Government Relations for China for Motorola, Inc.; and a consultant to The Carter Center on village elections in China. She is the author, most recently, of "Public Participation in the People's Republic: Developing a More Participatory Governance Model in China," “China Adopts First Nationwide Open Government Information Regulations,” and “China’s Quest for Rule of Law Under One-Party Rule,” and she is the premier U.S. expert on the relatively recent emergence of transparency in that nation. She has a B.A. from Stanford, an M.A. (Chinese Studies) from the University of Michigan, a J.D. from Harvard Law School, and a Diploma in Chinese Law from the University of East Asia. September 28, 2009.

JOHN IRONS

John Irons joined the Economic Policy Institute in 2007. His areas of research include the U.S. economy and economic policy, with an emphasis on federal tax and budget policy. He previously worked as the Director of Tax and Budget Policy at the Center for American Progress (2004-2007) and as a tenure-track Assistant Professor of Economics at Amherst College (1999-2003). He has also worked for the Brookings Institution (1995) and at the Federal Reserve Board of Governors (1992-1994). His academic publications have appeared in several journals including the Journal of Monetary Economics, Journal of Applied Econometrics, and the Review of Financial Economics. He is also co-editor of Testing Exogeneity, published by Oxford University Press. He has won several awards for his economics Web sites, including top-5 awards from The Economist and Forbes. He currently serves on the Committee on Electronic Publishing for the American Economic Association, and on the Board of Governors of the National Economists Club. March 16, 2009.

MICHAEL ISIKOFF

Mike Isikoff joined Newsweek as an Investigative Correspondent in June 1994. He has written extensively on the U.S. government's war on terrorism, the Abu Ghraib scandal, campaign-finance and congressional ethics abuses, presidential politics and other national issues. His book, Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War, co-written with David Corn, was an instant New York Times best-seller when it was published in September, 2006. The book was hailed by the New York Times Book Review as "fascinating reading" and "the most comprehensive account of the White House's political machinations" in the run up to the war in Iraq. Ever since the events of September 11, Mr. Isikoff has broken repeated stories about the U.S. government's war on terror and won numerous journalism awards. His weekly online column "Terror Watch," co-written with Mark Hosenball, has become a "must read" for senior U.S. intelligence officials and won the 2005 award from the Society of Professional Journalists for best investigative reporting online. His June 2002 Newsweek cover story on U.S. intelligence failures that preceded the 9-11 terror attacks, along with a series of related articles, was honored with the Investigative Reporters and Editors top prize for investigative reporting in magazine journalism. He also was honored, along with a team of Newsweek reporters, by the Society of Professional Journalists for coverage of the Abu Ghraib scandal. For that coverage, Mr. Isikoff obtained exclusive internal White House, Justice Department, and State Department memos showing how decisions made at the highest levels of the Bush Administration led to abuses in the interrogation of terror suspects. He was also part of a reporting team that earned Newsweek the National Magazine Award for General Excellence in 2002, the highest award in magazine journalism, for their coverage of the aftermath of the September 11 terror attacks.

Mr. Isikoff's exclusive reporting on the Monica Lewinsky scandal gained him national attention in 1998, including profiles in the New York Times and The Washington Post and a guest appearance on "Late Show with David Letterman." His coverage of the events that lead to President Bill Clinton's impeachment earned Newsweek the prestigious National Magazine Award in the Reporting category in 1999. His reporting also won the National Headliner Award, the Edgar A. Poe Award presented by the White House Correspondents Association and the Gerald R. Ford Journalism Prize for Reporting on the Presidency. In 2001, he was named on a list of "most influential journalists" in the nation's capital by Washingtonian magazine. Mr. Isikoff also is the author of "Uncovering Clinton: A Reporter's Story," a book that chronicled his own reporting of the Lewinsky story and was hailed by a critic for The Washington Post-Los Angeles Times news service as "the absolutely essential narrative of the scandal with revelations that no one would have thought possible." The book, also a New York Times bestseller, was named Best Non-Fiction Book of 1999 by the Book of the Month Club.

Mr. Isikoff came to Newsweek from The Washington Post, where he had been a reporter since September 1981. There he covered the Justice Department and the Persian Gulf War, reported on international drug operations in Latin America and worked on the Post's financial news desk. Before joining the Post, he was a reporter with the now-defunct Washington Star. Mr. Isikoff graduated from Washington University with a B.A. in 1974 and received a Masters in Journalism from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism in 1976. Most recently, he was named a contributor to MSNBC. March 16, 2009.

MATTHEW L. JOHNSON

Matt Johnson is Chief Counsel to Senator John Cornyn and has worked on Senate Judiciary Committee issues such as judicial nominations, immigration, and intellectual property for several years. In 2007, he was most heavily involved in the bi-partisan efforts of Senator Cornyn and Senator Patrick Leahy that led to enactment of the 2007 FOIA Amendments. He holds a J.D. from Notre Dame Law School, where he was on the law review, and he received his B.A. in 1999 from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University. January 16, 2008; March 17, 2008.

WILLIAM T. KAMMER

Will Kammer has been working with the Freedom of Information Act and declassification fields since 1991. Will has served in various management assignments with the Office of Freedom of Information (OFOI), Department of Defense, since October 1998, was selected as Chief of OFOI in August 2005, and was named Chief of the Defense Freedom of Information Policy Office in January 2006. He has taught courses on the FOIA for the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, and other government agencies, and for the American Society of Access Professionals. Will was given the annual Outstanding FOIA Officer Award by the Department of Justice's Office of Information and Privacy in March 2006.

Prior to joining OFOI, Will served as a FOIA action officer in the Joint Staff from 1991-1995, and was responsible for developing and implementing the Joint Staff Automatic Declassification plan in 1996. He was the principal declassifying official for the Joint Staff Automatic Declassification program from 1996-1998. Will began his career with the Department of Defense in 1984, serving as an Ammunition Surveillance Specialist with the Department of the Army, and as an Investigator with the Defense Investigative Service prior to joining the Joint Staff in 1991. March 17, 2008.

JANE KIRTLEY

Jane Kirtley has been the Silha Professor of Media Ethics and Law at the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Minnesota since August 1999. She was named Director of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law in 2000 and also holds a joint appointment at the university's law school. Prior to that, she was Executive Director of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press for fourteen years. Before joining the Reporters Committee, she was an attorney for five years with the law firm of Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle in Rochester, New York and Washington D.C. She is a member of the New York, District of Columbia, and Virginia bars. Jane also worked as a reporter for the Evansville (Indiana) Press and The Oak Ridger and Nashville Banner (Tennessee). April 28, 2009.

LINDA KOONTZ

Linda Koontz recently joined the MITRE Corporation as its Principal Information Systems Engineer for Privacy at its Center for Enterprise Modernization. In this role, she assists federal agencies in building strong privacy programs and is currently working on health care issues. Prior to joining MITRE, Linda worked for the United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) as Director, Information Management Issues, on GAO's Information Technology team, a Senior Executive Service-level position. In this role, she directed audits and studies for Congress on matters including the Freedom of Information Act, privacy, records management, and information access and dissemination. She developed numerous reports on these subjects and testified frequently as an expert witness before congressional committees. Linda earned a Bachelors of Arts degree in accounting from Michigan State University. She is a Certified Information Privacy Professional/Government and a Certified Government Financial Manager. January 29, 2009.

JOHN W. KROPF

John Kropf is Deputy Chief Privacy Officer and Senior Adviser for International Privacy Policy in the Privacy Office of the Department of Homeland Security. He serves as the Privacy Office's chief operating officer and policy strategist, as well as a key adviser to DHS leadership officials on issues related to compliance with privacy laws and with DHS policies, programs, and agreements that adhere to fair information principles. John also oversees the Privacy Office's international privacy work and has represented DHS on U.S. delegations to negotiations with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and the Development and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and he has served as an adviser in other international negotiations as well. Before joining DHS, he worked for ten years as an international lawyer in the Office of the Legal Adviser at the Department of State, where he held primary responsibility for overseeing legal aspects of the State Department's FOIA activities. John also spent two years at the American Embassy in Turkmenistan, where he served as Country Director for USAID. He began his federal career as an attorney in the Department of Justice's Honors Program and earned both his law degree and a Masters of Public and International Affairs from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a member of bars of Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia and has published numerous articles on global privacy issues. April 28, 2009.

ANNA LAITIN

Anna Laitin is a professional staff member for the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform under Chairman Henry A. Waxman. She has worked for Representative Waxman since 2003. Ms. Laitin's legislative and oversight responsibilities include issues related to government secrecy, public access to government information, and the preservation of government records. Ms. Laitin is a graduate of Brown University and received a Masters in Public Affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. Prior to joining the Committee staff, she worked at the D.C. Appleseed Center, a non-profit organization focused on improving the operations of the District of Columbia government. March 17, 2008.

HON. ROYCE C. LAMBERTH

Royce C. Lamberth was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Columbia on November 16, 1987, and entered on duty on the same date. A native of San Antonio, Texas, Judge Lamberth graduated from the University of Texas, receiving a B.A. degree in 1966, and from the University of Texas School of Law, receiving an LL.B. degree in 1967. He served as a Captain in the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the United States Army from 1968 to 1974. After service at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, and in Vietnam, Judge Lamberth served in the Litigation Division of the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Army at the Pentagon from 1971-1974. Judge Lamberth served as an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Columbia from 1974 to 1987 and was Chief of the Civil Division of the United States Attorney's Office from 1978 to 1987. During 1977-1978, he served as Attorney General Griffin Bell's representative to the President's Reorganization Project, Federal Legal Representation Study.

Judge Lamberth is married to the former Janis K. Jost of San Antonio. He is former Chairman of the Federal Litigation Section of the Federal Bar Association, and a member of the American Bar Association and the Bar Association of the District of Columbia, the District of Columbia Bar, and the State Bar of Texas. He is also former Chairman of the Professional Ethics Committee of the Federal Bar Association. The Federal Bar Association's Model Rules of Professional Conduct for Federal Lawyers, finally approved in October, 1990, were drafted by Judge Lamberth's Committee. Judge Lamberth was appointed by Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist to be the Presiding Judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court on May 19, 1995. His appointment ended May 19, 2002. March 17, 2008.

SENATOR PATRICK LEAHY

Born in Montpelier, raised across the street from the Statehouse, and educated in Montpelier and Colchester, Patrick Leahy has spent most of his adult life working for Vermonters. After graduating from Saint Michael's College in 1961, he earned his Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1964. He then returned to Vermont to the private practice of law and then, for the next eight years, served as the State's Attorney in Chittenden County, where he gained a national reputation for his law enforcement work. In 1974, at the age of 34, he became the first Democrat who Vermonters have ever elected to the United States Senate, where he now ranks fourth in seniority. He serves as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee and of the Foreign Operations Subcommittee. He also serves on the Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee and on the Appropriations Committee, where he is a member of the Defense, Interior, Homeland Security, VA-HUD, and Commerce-Justice-State subcommittees.

As a senior member of the Agriculture Committee, Senator Leahy played instrumental roles in creating the Farmland Protection Program and the Milk Income Loss Compensation (MILC) program, and in extending the Conservation Reserve Program. He has been a long-time supporter of the organic movement and is often called the "father of organics." He helped Vermont's and the nation's organic industry grow from near obscurity when he wrote and passed the Organic Foods Production Act in 1990. The Leahy charter for organic agriculture has helped it grow into an $11 billion-a-year sector of the American economy. As the Chairman of the Agriculture Committee's Subcommittee on Research, Nutrition, and General Legislation, Senator Leahy champions effective child nutrition programs. He has developed bipartisan support for addressing the nation's obesity crisis and led efforts to implement hands-on nutrition education programs in our schools. He also reached across the aisle to coauthor legislation that would enable the Secretary of Agriculture to more efficiently control the sale of junk food and soft drinks in schools that participate in the federal School Lunch Program.

As the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Senator Leahy has authored, advocated, and enacted a wide range of anti-crime and anti-drug initiatives. He wrote the charter for the current federal grant program for the nation's first-responders, and Pat Leahy's all-state minimum for the program's formula has brought millions of federal equipment dollars to Vermont's police, fire, and EMS units. In his Judiciary Committee role, Senator Leahy also gives Vermonters a leading voice in confirming nominations to the federal courts. The Framers of the U.S. Constitution gave the Senate an important role to play in ensuring that the federal bench would not simply be an arm of the Executive Branch, and Senator Leahy has consistently fought to keep the courts from becoming an extension of either political party. He points out that our independent federal judiciary is the envy of the world, and he fights to keep it independent.

Senator Leahy also is the co-chair of the Senate's 85-member National Guard Caucus. He has fought to improve access to health care, education, and retirement benefits for Vermont's citizen-soldiers and to make sure that they are treated equally with the active forces. In recognition of his service to our men and women in uniform, he has been awarded the George Washington Freedom Award from the Adjutants General of the U.S. Association, the Eagle Award from the Enlisted National Guard Association, and the Harry S. Truman Award for "sustained contributions of exceptional and far-reaching magnitude to the defense and security of the United States in a manner worthy of recognition at the national level."

Sometimes referred to as the "cyber senator," Senator Leahy was the second senator to post an official homepage on the Internet. Since its creation in 1995, the Leahy Senate website has often won awards as one of the Senate's best. His interest in technology also led him to co-found the Congressional Internet Caucus, which he co-chairs, and to spearhead efforts to expand broadband access to Vermont. Mindful of new hazards presented by the Internet, he is also a leader in the effort to protect intellectual property rights and privacy. Senator Leahy also is known as having been the leading champion of freedom of information in Congress over the past three decades, a vital role that he has played through both legislative reform and keen congressional oversight. Among his many honors and distinctions in that and other areas of public policy and law, he is the recipient of the Collaboration on Government Secrecy's 2009 "Robert Vaughn FOIA Legend Award." March 16, 2009.

WILLIAM H. LEARY

Bill Leary serves as Special Adviser to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Records and Access Management, for the National Security Council (NSC), with responsibility for maintenance, retrieval, disposition, declassification, and controlling access for all NSC records. He also holds the positions of Chair of the Policy Coordinating Committee on Records Access and Information Security and Chair of the Information Security Classification Appeals Panel, the latter of which is a presidential appointment. Mr. Leary holds B.A., M.A., and A.B.D. degrees in history from the University of Virginia, and during the late 1960s and early 1970s he taught history there, as well as at the College of William & Mary and the University of South Alabama. The author of several publications, he also is a former member (1987-1993) of the City Council of Tacoma Park. March 17, 2008; January 29, 2009.

J. WILLIAM LEONARD

Bill Leonard recently retired after 34 years of federal government service. In his last position, as the Director of the Information Security Oversight Office, he was responsible for policy oversight of the executive branch's national security information classification system. Before that appointment, he served in the Department of Defense as the deputy assistant secretary of defense (security and information operations). In 2002, the president conferred upon him the rank of meritorious executive. Bill holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from St. John's University in New York City and a Master of Arts degree in international relations from Boston University. He currently is the principal of his own consulting firm. January 29, 2009.

GREG LEROY

Dubbed "America's chief whistle-blower" on state and local economic development subsidies, Greg LeRoy directs Good Jobs First, a national resource center promoting corporate and government accountability in economic development and smart growth for working families. With more than 25 years' experience, he is the author of The Great American Jobs Scam: Corporate Tax Dodging and the Myth of Job Creation (2005) and No More Candy Store: States and Cities Making Job Subsidies Accountable, and he was the 1998 winner of the Public Interest Pioneer Award. Good Jobs First (GLF) serves constituency-based groups and policymakers with research, training, consulting and testimony. GJF also includes Good Jobs New York (www.goodjobsny.org), Good Jobs First-Illinois, and the Corporate Research Project (www.corp-research.org). March 16, 2009.

LIU WENJING

Professor Liu is an associate professor at Jinan University Law School, in the Guangzhou Province of the People's Republic of China. She holds an S.J.D. degree and during the 2008-2009 academic year is a Fulbright Research Scholar at the Washington College of Law. Among her areas of research specialization is a comparative study of freedom of information in the United States in relation to the emerging transparency movement in China. September 29, 2008.

FREDDI LIPSTEIN

Freddi Lipstein served as the federal government's principal litigator of state secrets privilege cases for more than twenty years. An honors graduate of the University of Southern California Law School, she joined the Justice Department in 1976 as an Honors Program attorney in the former Appellate Section of its Civil Division and became an Appellate Staff Senior Counsel in 1986. From 1982 until her retirement in September 2003, she was the Civil Division's appellate expert on state secrets litigation, guiding the development of the privilege through several presidential administrations. March 17, 2008.

PATRICE McDERMOTT

Patrice McDermott, Director of OpenTheGovernment.org, is a committed advocate for open access to federal government information. In Washington, she has worked both in the federal government, at the National Archives and Records Administration, and in the nonprofit field. While at OMB Watch during the 1990s, she co-authored two studies of the implementation of the E-FOIA Amendments of 1996, finding many failures and inadequacies both real and perceived, and also was intensely involved in stopping the enactment of what would have been the equivalent of an official secrets act in the U.S. At the American Library Association, she was deeply involved in ensuring that the move to electronic government would result in more, rather than less, public access to government information, particularly in the post-Sept. 11 environment. Additionally, she plays an informational role in keeping those concerned with public access apprised of developments in and threats to government information, including the FOIA, privacy, and records issues. January 16, 2008; January 29, 2009.

TOBY McINTOSH

Toby McIntosh, a former White House correspondent for the Bureau of National Affairs, was the long-time managing editor of BNA’s flagship Daily Report for Executives and now is its Director of Editorial Quality. As a reporter, he covered antitrust, consumer protection, the Office of Management and Budget, information policy, the relationship between emerging technologies and government, Senate holds, and regulatory reform. He covered the Reagan and Bush 41 administrations as a member of the White House Press Corps, then spent 15 years at the helm of Daily Report for Executives, also editing four other publications during those years. He received the Joseph Brechner Freedom of Information Award in 1990 for groundbreaking articles on the then-enormous roadblocks to obtaining access to electronic records, is the recipient of 1992 awards from the National Press Association and the Newsletter Publishers Foundation for an article on Senate “holds,” and also has won awards from the American Library Association, the Washington-Baltimore Newspaper Guild, and the business Council for the Reduction of Paperwork. Most recently, he was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the Washington, D.C. Pro Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists. An expert in transparency at international governing bodies and multi-national financial institutions, he has been a member of the editorial board of freedom-info.org, an online network of international freedom of information advocates, also he also serves as Steering Committee Coordinator for the Global Transparency Initiative. He holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Government from Oberlin College. September 28, 2009.

MATTHEW MINER

Matt Miner is the Senate Judiciary Committee's chief minority counsel for crime, terrorism and oversight. During his time with the Committee, he has handled Senator Arlen Specter's hearings and legislation relating to detainees, interrogation, state secrets, and habeas corpus. Prior to his work with the Senate, Matt was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Middle District of Alabama, where he served as Corporate Fraud Coordinator and managed the largest corporate fraud investigation in the district's history. Matt is a graduate of the University of Cincinnati and the University of Michigan Law School, where he was elected to Order of the Coif. Following law school, he clerked for the Honorable Richard W. Vollmer, Jr., United States District Judge for the Southern District of Alabama. March 17, 2008.

SEAN MOULTON

Sean Moulton is Director of Information Policy at OMB Watch, where he focuses on increasing government transparency with special attention to environmental information and right-to-know issues. One of his first jobs was as Environmental Researcher and Data Manager for the Council on Economic Priorities (CEP), manipulating and analyzing environmental information that is disseminated under the policies he now advocates. Prior to joining OMB Watch, Sean honed his lobbying and policy analysis skills as the Tax Policy Analyst at Friends of the Earth. His work experience also includes several years as a research fellow with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the Industry Sector Policy Division. Recent priority work at OMB Watch for Sean has included coordinating nationwide opposition to EPA's cutbacks to the Toxic Release Inventory and overseeing the development of FedSpending.org, a groundbreaking new Web site that allows users to easily search and browse trillions of dollars in federal spending. For years, OMB Watch has also operated the Right to Know Network (RTK NET), a Web site that provides public access to almost a dozen environmental databases. Sean will be helping to bring lessons learned from FedSpending.org to a redesign of the environmental database functions on RTK NET. He received a Masters of Public Policy degree from the University of Maryland and has a B.A. in Economics and English. March 17, 2008; March 16, 2009.

MIRIAM McINTIRE NISBET

Miriam Nisbet recently returned from Paris to accept a career Senior Executive Service appointment as Founding Director of the Office of Government Information Services (OGIS) at the National Archives and Records Administration, the new FOIA ombudsman and policy office created by the 2007 FOIA Amendments. During the past two years, she was Director of the Information Society Division of UNESCO in Paris, and she also served on the Obama Transition Team. Prior to that, she was Legislative Counsel at the American Library Association from 1999 to 2007, where she was a member of the U.S. Delegation to the Hague Conference on Private International Law representing libraries, and she worked at the National Archives and Records Administration from 1993 to 1999, where she first occupied the post of Special Assistant to the Archivist of the United States and then Special Counsel for Information Policy. She was a staff attorney at the National Association of Attorneys General during 1977-1978, before joining the Department of Justice, where she worked from 1978 to 1993. At the Justice Department, she served for nearly a dozen years as the Deputy Director of the Office of Information and Privacy (OIP), in connection with which she also held a senior leadership position as part of the national continuity-of-government team for several years. She is a member of the American Bar Association and of the American Law Institute. She also is a long-time member of the American Society of Access Professionals, serving as its President and as a Member of its Board of Directors. Representing libraries, she was President of the Americans For Fair Electronic Commerce Transactions (AFFECT). September 28, 2007; September 28, 2009.

LAURA NEUMAN

Laura Neuman is the Assistant Director for the Americas Program at The Carter Center in Atlanta. She also is the Access to Information Project Manager for The Carter Center and directs and implements its transparency projects, including projects in Jamaica, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Mali, and at the hemispheric level in the Americas. She most recently developed and managed the International Conference on the Right to Public Information for more than 125 participants from 40 countries. Ms. Neuman edited six widely distributed guidebooks on fostering transparency and preventing corruption, has been published in a number of books, and has presented at numerous international seminars relating to access to information legislation, implementation, and enforcement. Ms. Neuman is a member of the Initiative for Policy Dialogue task force on transparency, a board member of the Center for Transparency and Access to Information Studies, Mexico, and an International Associate to the Open Democracy Advice Center, South Africa, and she has served as a consultant to the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and a number of governments. As part of her transparency work, she served as Executive Secretary for the Carter Center's Council for Ethical Business Practices. Ms. Neuman also has led and participated in international election monitoring missions throughout the Western Hemisphere. Prior to joining The Carter Center in August 1999, Ms. Neuman was senior staff attorney for Senior Law at Legal Action of Wisconsin. She is a 1993 graduate of the University of Wisconsin law school. March 17, 2008.

CELISSE A. PINKNEY

Celisse Pinkney is a senior research assistant for the Collaboration on Government Secrecy. A third-year student at the Washington College of Law, she now is in her fourth academic semester of being a vital part of CGS. She holds an undergraduate degree in politics and history from Occidental College, where she also gained the experience in conducting political and public policy surveys that she applied to development of both the on-site and electronic versions of the survey used for this program. She plans to take the California bar exam and to practice law in the public sector upon graduation in May 2009. January 29, 2009.

FRANKLIN S. REEDER

Frank Reeder most recently was a senior member of the Obama/Biden Transition Team, for which he served as an expert on the operations of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and worked on the presidential Transparency and Open Government Memorandum. He served at OMB for two stints totaling more than 20 years between 1970 and 1995 where he was Chief of Information Policy, Deputy Associate Director for Veterans Affairs and Personnel, and Assistant Director for General Management. Among his accomplishments while a member of the information policy staff and later as its chief, he represented the Administration in negotiating and securing enactment of the Privacy Act of 1974 and the Computer Security Act of 1987 and wrote OMB's 1975 guidelines for the governmentwide implementation of the Privacy Act. While at OMB, he also was the U.S. Delegate to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Public Management Committee (OECD/PUMA) from 1992-1995 and he chaired that committee from 1993-1995. From 1977-1980, he was Deputy Director of House Information Systems, the computers and telecommunications support arm of the U.S. House of Representatives. From 1995-1997, he served as Director of the Office of Administration of the Executive Office of the President, the White House office responsible for maintenance of its e-mail system. January 29, 2009.

HAROLD C. RELYEA

Hal Relyea was a specialist in American national government with the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress from 1971 until retiring in January 2009. In that capacity, he produced numerous major studies for Congress, including analyses of the office and powers of the president, executive branch organization and management, congressional oversight, and various aspects of government information policy and practice. He has testified before congressional panels on various occasions, and also recently appeared before a committee of the European Parliament. In addition to his CRS duties, Dr. Relyea has authored numerous articles for scholarly and professional publications in the United States and abroad. He is currently preparing a book on national emergency powers. His recently published titles include Silencing Science: National Security Controls and Scientific Communication (1994), Federal Information Policies in the 1990s (1996), The Executive Office of the President (1997), and United States Government Information: Policies and Sources (2002). He has served on the editorial board of Government Information Quarterly since its founding in 1984, and he has held similar positions with several other journals in the past. An undergraduate of Drew University, he received his doctoral degree in government from American University. March 16, 2009.

JAMES R. RETTIG

Jim Rettig currently is president-elect of the American Library Association and a member of the board of the Freedom to Read Foundation. He previously served on the ALA's executive board and in a variety of elected and appointed positions in the association. He has worked in academic libraries in Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and Virginia, and he currently is university librarian at the University of Richmond. The University of Wisconsin School of Library and Information Studies presented him with its Distinguished Alumnus Award in 2006. March 17, 2008.

ALASDAIR S. ROBERTS

Alasdair Roberts is the Jerome L. Rappaport Professor of Law and Public Policy at Suffolk University Law School. He writes extensively on problems of governance, law, and public policy. His next book, Disciplined Democracies: Global Capitalism and the New Architecture of Government, will be published by Oxford University Press in 2010. His last book, The Collapse of Fortress Bush: The Crisis of Authority in American Government, was published by New York University Press in 2008. Kirkus Reviews called it "a trenchant analysis of the last eight years of American political history." A previous book, Blacked Out: Government Secrecy in the Information Age, received the 2006 Brownlow Book Award from the National Academy of Public Administration and three other academic book awards. He has also won several awards for his journal articles.

Professor Roberts was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration in 2007. He is also an Honorary Senior Research Fellow of the School of Public Policy, University College London. Previously he has had fellowships with the Open Society Institute and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He is co-editor of the journal Governance and also on the editorial boards of several other journals in the field of public administration.

Before joining Suffolk Law, Professor Roberts was a professor of public administration in the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University and an associate professor of public administration at Queen's University, Canada. He received a J.D. from the University of Toronto in 1984, a Master's Degree in Public Policy from Harvard University in 1986, and a Ph.D. in Public Policy from Harvard University in 1994. His web address is www.aroberts.us. September 28, 2009.

ADINA H. ROSENBAUM

Adina Rosenbaum is Director of the Freedom of Information Clearinghouse at the Public Citizen Litigation Group, in Washington, D.C., where she has practiced since September 2004. Ms. Rosenbaum received her undergraduate degree from Harvard University, graduating magna cum laude in 1998 and earning membership in Phi Beta Kappa. In 2003, she graduated from the New York University School of Law, where she was a member of the Order of the Coif and an editor of the New York University Law Review. Following law school, Ms. Rosenbaum clerked for the Honorable Martha Craig Daughtrey of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Her practice areas at the litigation group include general appellate litigation, open government, consumer safety, and first amendment issues. Many of her cases involve access to records under the Freedom of Information Act. Ms. Rosenbaum is admitted to the District of Columbia and New York bars, is an inactive member of the Massachusetts bar, and is admitted to practice before numerous federal courts. March 16, 2009.

MARC ROTENBERG

Marc Rotenberg is Executive Director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) in Washington, D.C. He teaches information privacy law at Georgetown University Law Center and has testified before Congress on many issues, including access to information, encryption policy, consumer protection, computer security, and communications privacy. He testified before the 9-11 Commission on "Security and Liberty: Protecting Privacy, Preventing Terrorism." Marc has served on several national and international advisory panels, including the expert panels on Cryptography Policy and Computer Security for the OECD, the Legal Experts on Cyberspace Law for UNESCO, and the Countering Spam program of the ITU. He currently chairs the ABA Committee on Privacy and Information Protection and he is the former Chair of the Public Interest Registry, which manages the .ORG domain. He also is editor of Privacy and Human Rights and The Privacy Law Sourcebook, and co-editor (with Daniel J. Solove and Paul Schwartz) of Information Privacy Law (Aspen Publishing 2007). A graduate of Harvard College and Stanford Law School, he served as Counsel to Senator Patrick J. Leahy on the Senate Judiciary Committee after graduation from law school. He is a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and the recipient of several awards, including the World Technology Award in Law. A tournament chess player, Marc won the 2007 and 2008 Washington, D.C. Chess Championships. April 28, 2009.

TONDA F. RUSH

Tonda Rush is president of American PressWorks in Arlington, Va., and the former CEO of the National Newspaper Association and associate general counsel of the American Newspaper Publishers Association. American PressWorks represents the National Newspaper Association and manages its Washington office. She is an attorney, consultant, lecturer, and writer on issues involving the First Amendment, media law, and the newspaper business. Tonda began her career managing a small newspaper in Kansas and working as a reporter and editor in that region. She has been involved in First Amendment and open-access matters on behalf of the press since her days as director of the Freedom of Information Center of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press in the early 1980s. She has taught media law as adjunct faculty at the American University School of Communication in Washington and the College of Journalism of the University of Maryland in College Park, Md. Tonda presently serves on the advisory board of the William Allen White Foundation and is on the boards of directors of the Student Press Law Center and the Virginia Coalition of Open Government. She is a graduate of the University of Kansas School of Law and the William Allen White School of Journalism. April 28, 2009.

DAVID A. SCHULZ

David Schulz is a partner in the law firm of Levine Sullivan Koch & Schulz in New York City, where he has defended the rights of journalists and news organizations for the past quarter of a century. He has litigated libel, privacy, access, and newsgathering claims in the trial courts of more than twenty states and regularly represents news organizations on appeals before both state and federal tribunals. Among other significant cases, he successfully prosecuted access litigation by the Hartford Courant to compel the disclosure of sealed dockets in cases being secretly litigated in Connecticut's state courts, and the challenge by seventeen media organizations to the closure of jury selection in the Martha Stewart criminal prosecution. He successfully defended against invasion of privacy claims brought by Navy SEALS whose photos with injured Iraqi prisoners were discovered online by a reporter, and he has prevailed in Freedom of Information Act litigation pursued by The Associated Press to compel the release of files relating to detainees held by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay and to records of the military service of President George W. Bush.

Mr. Schulz is described as an "incredibly skilled" litigation strategist and a "walking encyclopedia" of media law by Chambers USA (Chambers & Partners, 2006), and he is recognized as one of the nation's premier First Amendment lawyers by The Best Lawyers in America (Woodward/White, 2005). Concentrating in media law, First Amendment, and intellectual property, he has represented a broad range of media clients, including international newswire services, national and local newspapers, television networks and station owners, magazine and book publishers, cable news networks, and Internet content providers. He has served as chair of the Communications and Media Law Committee of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, as a member of the Governing Board of the American Bar Association's Forum on Communications Law, and as President of the Defense Counsel Section of the Media Law Resource Center. For more than a decade he was a member of the New York Committee on Open Government, the state agency responsible for overseeing the enforcement of the open meetings, freedom of information, and personal privacy laws in New York.

A Lecturer in Law at Columbia Law School, Mr. Schulz regularly writes and speaks on media law issues. For many years he co-chaired a biennial conference on "Newsgathering and Libel Litigation," sponsored by the Practicing Law Institute, and he served as a member of the Sedona Conference Working Group on Protective Orders, Confidentiality & Public Access. He is the author of numerous articles and reports, including Judicial Regulation of the Press? Revisiting the Limited Jurisdiction of Federal Courts and the Scope of Constitutional Protection for Newsgathering, 2002 LDRC Bulletin 121 (April 2002); Internet Jurisdiction, Choice of Law Issues, ISP Immunity and Anonymous On-Line Speech, 2 Internet Law & Business 997 (Oct. 2001) (with M. Schachter), and Newsgathering as a Protected Activity, in Freedom of Information and Freedom of Expression: Essays in Honour of Sir David William (J. Beatson & Y. Cripps eds., Oxford University Press 2000). He received a B.A., magna cum laude, from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he has served for more than twenty years on the Board of Trustees. He received his law degree from Yale Law School and holds a Master's degree in economics from Yale University. April 28, 2009.

ARI SCHWARTZ

Ari Schwartz is Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), where his work focuses on increasing individual control over personal and public information. He promotes privacy protections in the digital age and expanding access to government information via the Internet, and he regularly testifies before Congress and agencies of the Executive Branch on these issues. Ari also leads the Anti-Spyware Coalition (ASV) of anti-spyware software companies, academics, and public interest groups dedicated to defeating spyware. In 2006, he won the RSA award for Excellence in Public Policy for his work building the ASC and other efforts against spyware. He was also named one of the Top 5 influential IT security thinkers of 2007 by Secure Computing Magazine.

He currently serves as a member of the Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board and the State of Ohio Chief Privacy Officer Advisory Committee. April 28, 2009.

DAVID SOBEL

David Sobel is Senior Counsel at the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Washington, D.C. office, where he directs EFF's FOIA Litigation for Accountable Government (FLAG) Project. He has handled numerous cases seeking the disclosure of government documents on privacy policy, including electronic surveillance, encryption controls and air-line passenger screening initiatives. He served as co-counsel in the challenge to government secrecy concerning post-September 11 detentions and participated in the submission of a civil liberties amicus brief in the first-ever proceeding of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. David is co-editor of the 2002 and 2004 editions of Litigation Under the Federal Open Government Laws. He is a recipient of EFF's Pioneer Award (2003) and the American Library Association's James Madison Award (2004). David formerly was counsel to the non-profit National Security Archive, and in 1994 he co-founded the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), where he directed FOIA litigation and focused on government surveillance and the collection of personal information. He is a graduate of the University of Michigan and the University of Florida College of Law. March 16, 2009.

DAVID SOHN

David Sohn joined the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT) in 2005. He is Senior Policy Counsel and Director of CDT's Project on Intellectual Property and Technology, which promotes reasonable pro-consumer approaches to copyright and related policy issues raised by the emergence of the Internet, new digital media, and digital rights management (DRM) technology. Prior to joining the Center for Democracy and Technology, he worked for nearly five years as Commerce Counsel for Senator Ron Wyden, where he advised the Senator on technology and telecommunications issues coming before the Senate Commerce Committee. In that capacity, he worked on legislation relating to such matters as spyware, digital copyright, and online privacy, and he played a major role in the enactment of the first federal anti-spam law. Before joining Senator Wyden's office, he practiced law in Washington, D.C., at Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, with a focus on telecommunications law and regulation. Mr. Sohn received his B.A. degree from Amherst College (magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa) and his J.D. from Stanford Law School. He also holds an M.Sc. degree from the London School of Economics. January 29, 2009.

GARY M. STERN

Gary Stern has been the General Counsel of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) since 1998, and he is a career member of the Senior Executive Service. He earned his law degree in 1987 from Yale Law School, where he served as editor-in-chief of the Yale Journal of International Law, and he graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar College in 1983, where he majored in Ancient Greek. For the three years before becoming NARA's General Counsel, Mr. Stern worked for the U.S. Department of Energy, where he was a senior advisor to the Secretary of Energy, a special assistant to the General Counsel, and assistant general counsel for contractor litigation. In 1994-95, Mr. Stern worked as a senior policy and research analyst for the U.S. Federal Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. Before then, Mr. Stern worked as a staff attorney for the Washington Office of the American Civil Liberties Union, where he specialized in national security, classification, and information law issues. There, he participated as a plaintiff in Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President, involving White House e-mail recordkeeping practices, and also served as legal consultant to the National Academy of Science's Committee on Declassification of Information for the Environmental Remediation and Related Programs of the Department of Energy. January 16, 2008; January 29, 2009.

THOMAS M. SUSMAN

Tom Susman is Director of Government Affairs at the American Bar Association, where his holds responsibility for a wide range of ABA activities here in Washington, D.C. Before accepting that position upon his "retirement" last year, he was a long-time senior partner in the Washington Office of Ropes & Gray, where his work included counseling, litigation, and lobbying on access to government information and privacy, in addition to his general legislative and regulatory practice. Tom has testified frequently on FOIA reform before Congress and authored a number of works on information and privacy. He advised Shanghai on open government information, wrote a chapter on Access to Documents in the European Union for an ABA publication, co-authored a BNA portfolio on business information, and taught classes and courses on the FOIA to government lawyers, government access professionals, and law students. He has also been involved in a number of freedom of information cases at the state and federal levels and before foreign tribunals. Currently also serving in the House of Delegates of the American Bar Association, he is also a member of the American Law Institute, Chairman of the National Judicial College, and President of the District of Columbia Public Library Foundation.

Before joining Ropes & Gray, Tom served on Capitol Hill as chief counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee; prior to that he worked in the Office of Legal Counsel at the Department of Justice. He graduated from Yale University and received his J.D. from the University of Texas Law School. Among his many honors and distinctions, perhaps foremost among them is his receipt of the Collaboration on Government Secrecy's inaugural "Robert Vaughn FOIA Legend Award" at CGS's First Annual Freedom of Information Day Celebration in March 2008. March 17, 2008; September 29, 2008; January 29, 2009; March 16, 2009.

HUGO TEUFEL III

Hugo Teufel was appointed Chief Privacy Officer of the Department of Homeland Security by Secretary Michael Chertoff on July 23, 2006. In this capacity and pursuant to Section 222 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Teufel holds primary responsibility for privacy policy at the Department, which includes: ensuring that the technologies used by the Department to protect the United States sustain, and do not erode, privacy protections relating to the use, collection, and disclosure of personal information; ensuring that the Department complies with fair information practices as set out in the Privacy Act of 1974; conducting privacy impact assessments of proposed rules at the Department; evaluating legislative and regulatory proposals involving collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by the federal government; and preparing an annual report to Congress on the activities of the Department that affect privacy. Further, he serves as the Department's Chief Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Officer. His responsibilities as Chief FOIA Officer include ensuring consistent and appropriate Department-wide statutory compliance and harmonized program and policy implementation.

Before joining the Privacy Office, Mr. Teufel served as the first Associate General Counsel for General Law at the Department of Homeland Security. Previously, he served as the Associate Solicitor for General Law at the Department of the Interior. In each position, he oversaw the provision of legal advice and counsel to a cabinet-level agency on privacy and FOIA matters. Before joining the Administration, he practiced law at Hall and Evans, in Denver, Colorado; served as Deputy Solicitor General for the State of Colorado; was an associate at McKenna & Cuneo, in Denver, Colorado; and was a clerk to Chief Judge Loren A. Smith of the U.S. Claims Court. Mr. Teufel graduated from American University Washington College of Law and was the Senior Articles Editor of the Administrative Law Journal. He currently is pursuing a master's degree in national security and strategic studies from the Naval War College. A member of the bars of Colorado and Maryland (inactive), he is married and has a daughter. September 29, 2008.

ROBERT VAUGHN

During his career at WCL, Robert Vaughn has been Scholar-in-Residence with the law faculty of King's College of the University of London, a visiting professor at the University of San Diego School of Law and a visiting professor at Ritsumeikan University School of Law in Kyoto, Japan. He has also served as a faculty member in summer programs in Santiago, Chile and Istanbul, Turkey. At WCL, he has received eight awards for outstanding teaching and in 1983 was selected as American University's Teacher/Scholar of the Year, the university's highest faculty award. During his visit at the University of San Diego School of Law, the student body there elected him Professor of the Year.

Professor Vaughn has published on a variety of topics regarding public information law, public employment law, consumer law, and whistleblower protection. He is the author of a book on federal open government laws in the United States, the editor of a book on freedom of information, and the author of several articles addressing public information law. He has written several books on public employment law, including ones on civil service reform, principles of civil service law, conflict of interest regulation in the federal government, and the Merit Systems Protection Board. His public employment law articles address topics, such as, the right to disobey illegal orders, ethics in government, the Hatch Act, the role of public employment laws in the transition to democracy, and British regulation of public service ethics. He is the author of a book and related articles on consumer protection laws in South America. His articles on whistleblower protection address important statutes, such as the whistleblower provision of the Civil Service Reform Act, the whistleblower provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, state whistleblower laws, and the model law to implement the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption. He is also the author of a book and articles on civil procedure, judicial reform and the federal courts.

Among his consulting positions have been ones with the Treasury and Civil Service Committee of the House of Commons, the World Bank, and the Office of Legal Cooperation of the Organization of American States. He has testified several times before Congress on civil service reform, the federal Freedom of Information Act, and whistleblower protection. He was the plaintiff in the landmark case of Vaughn v. Rosen, which in 1973 established the evidentiary mechanism used since then for the adjudication of nearly all cases litigated under the Freedom of Information Act, universally referred to as a "Vaughn Declaration." March 17, 2008; September 29, 2008.

JOHN VERDI

John Verdi is Senior Counsel and Director of the Open Government Project at the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC). His work focuses on legal issues relating to open government, consumer privacy, and digital security. He litigates EPIC's freedom of information lawsuits against federal agencies and state governments. He is co-author of several federal amicus curiae briefs concerning electronic privacy, is co-editor of Litigation Under the Federal Open Government Laws 2008, and speaks on consumer privacy issues in a variety of venues, including academic conferences and in the media. Prior to joining EPIC, John was a civil litigation associate in Washington, D.C. His litigation experience includes matters relating to federal and state open records statutes, Administrative Procedure Act claims regarding federal oversight, and tort cases involving digital information misappropriation and misuse. Prior to his career as a lawyer, John worked as a computer programmer on a variety of projects, including several applications involving secure financial data. He also advised the National Hockey League on a host of technology issues, including data collection as it relates to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. He is a graduate of Harvard Law School and earned his B.A. in Philosophy, Politics, and Law at Binghamton University. John is a member of the District of Columbia and New Jersey bars. September 28, 2009.

PATRICK D. VISCUSO

Pat Viscuso is the Associate Director of the Controlled Unclassified Information Office at the National Archives and Records Administration. He has eighteen years of experience working at all levels of government security, oversight, and policy organizations with an expertise in the major security disciplines related to the protection of national security information. Dr. Viscuso joined the Information Security Oversight Office in October, 2005 as a senior program analyst with responsibilities in the Department of Defense sector and has undertaken special projects dealing with Sensitive But Unclassified information, classified information sharing, information systems, and industrial security. Additionally, he co-chaired working groups whose memberships consisted of federal and non-federal participants. His work included lead responsibility for meetings of the National Industrial Security Program Policy Advisory Committee. Dr. Viscuso has a bachelor's degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service (Georgetown University), a master's degree from Holy Cross (Brookline, MA), and a doctoral degree from The Catholic University of America (Washington, D.C.). March 16, 2009.

PETE WEITZEL

Pete Weitzel is the freedom of information coordinator for the Coalition of Journalists for Open Government (CJOG), based in Washington, D.C. He is a former managing editor of The Miami Herald, where he worked as a reporter and editor for nearly 40 years. He helped found the Florida First Amendment Foundation, serving as its president from 1985 to 1995, where he remains on the Board. He also helped launch the National Freedom of Information Coalition and served as its second president. After retiring from The Miami Herald in 1995, he taught at the Poynter Institute for Media Studies and then at the University of North Carolina journalism school and Duke Law School. He also served as executive director of the North Carolina Center on Actual Innocence, an organization that investigates cases of possible wrongful conviction. In January 2004, he became coordinator for CJOG, an alliance of 30 journalism-related organizations working together on open-government issues. January 16, 2008.