STONE UPON STONE: THE EXPANSION OF A MISSION
NICHOLAS N. KITTRIE
This memoir is in celebration of the Washington College of Law's (WCL) dramatic progression, from its initially modest but visionary mission to teach law courses to women in Washington, D.C., to its bold new edifice and ambitious commitment to advance the causes of law and justice worldwide. These recollections are also accompanied with considerable nostalgia and with great satisfaction for the opportunity I had to play an active role in the school's maturation, through its last three decades and in three of its latest homes.
Having commenced my earliest WCL teaching career in the small townhouse located at 2000 G Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.1 in the shadow of George Washington University's main campus, I was soon thereafter among the first WCL pioneers to occupy the Myers Hall facility, newly constructed for the Washington College of Law on the main campus of American University (AU). Finally, and most recently, I was most gratified to take part in WCL's successful exodus to the new and imposing six-story red brick edifice at 4801 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., in the upscale Spring Valley.2
Having first joined the Washington College of Law in 1964, I initially came to the faculty to teach comparative law as an adjunct member, combining teaching with my private practice of administrative and appellate law. It was not until 1977, after having served the faculty some thirteen years, that I had gained sufficient experience and reached sufficient maturity to be invited to serve the school first as interim dean and, subsequently, as permanent dean.
At the time of my initial arrival at WCL, the common wisdom regarding legal studies in Washington, D.C., was somewhat as follows: one chose Georgetown if intending to engage in corporate practice or join a large law firm; one went to George Washington in the pursuit of government "lawyering" as a career; and, one went to the Washington College of Law to prepare for general practice in county seats or before state courts in the greater mid-Atlantic region: District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, the Carolinas and New York. WCL was thus perceived as the prime training ground not for those wanting to strut around in pin-striped suits or serve government as legal-bureaucrats, but for "real" lawyers willing to roll up their sleeves and become prosecutors, defense attorneys, advisers to small companies, and counsellors for common citizens.
What attracted me to WCL was its tolerant and eclectic character¾with Dean John Sherman Myers clearly dominating Washington D.C.'s legal education scene as its towering figure. I came to WCL as an observer, but soon decided to stay permanently.3 I observed that upon my arrival at 2000 G Street, N.W., the faculty of the Washington College of Law, originally unique among all other schools for having been founded by women,4 consisted mostly of men. The school, however, relied heavily upon its two gifted and legally trained women librarians, Elizabeth P. Cubberley and Mary L. Martin, to take charge of teaching legal research. Yet, the gender and resource deficiencies were evident everywhere: of a total of some 489 students only 25 were women. The holdings of the school's library barely reached 40,000 volumes (about the size of one-third of my own current private law library). To compensate for these shortcomings, the yearly full-time tuition was kept under $1500 and the ambiance was most informal. Because the school building consisted of a two-story townhouse with narrow staircases, it was often easier for members of the student body to ingress and exit, even when loaded down with their books and other belongings, through windows and fire escapes.
The decade-and-a-half (1964-78) that transpired since my arrival at the WCL faculty until the time I assumed office as Interim Dean witnessed major changes not only within the country's legal profession but also within the institutions of legal education. The WCL community reflected the new aspirations and the resulting changes. Because two of that period's decanal leaders (John Sherman Myers and B. J. Tennery) are not with us to recount that transition period, I would like to contribute a brief connecting overview on their behalf. Having increasingly gained a reputation as a school on the "move," a school "with a heart," and particularly a school with a hands-on and multi-disciplinary orientation, WCL was fortunate to attract not only a highly professional and uncommonly diverse full-time and adjunct faculty, but also to enhance its reputation in the community by securing active participation in its moot court activities by prominent lawyers and sitting judges.5 The school's growing linkage with the professional community was then also represented through public lectures by luminaries such as United States Justices Tom Clark and Warren Burger, and a semester-long special WCL seminar conducted by Justice Abe Fortas.
In 1966, after having been designated WCL's Director of Research, I set out on behalf of the school to secure support from the American Bar Association to create not only one of the earliest legal clinics in the nation, but also the first program planned exclusively to meet the rehabilitation needs of prison inmates. Maintaining law-student staffed offices at the D.C. jail and the Lorton facility in Virginia, the Lawyers in Corrections and Rehabilitation (LAWCOR) was established to deal with financial, housing, family and employment matters of inmates, probationers, parolees, and their families. To those about to be released to the community, LAWCOR also offered a specialized "Living Within the Law" street-law training program. Nationally acknowledged for these innovations, LAWCOR gained for WCL a growing reputation for its active role as a major reform force within the Washington, D.C. community. "Your school is not merely located in this city. More and more it has become an institution of and fo the community," Kenneth Hardy, the Director of the D.C. Department of Corrections soon volunteered his praise.
Two years later, under my initiative, WCL moved further to address the social, racial, and economic problems of the Washington, D.C. community. By reaching beyond the narrow confines of the law, WCL offered the allied criminal justice and mental health professionals, an ambitious year-long academic and clinical program, intended to improve effective inter-professional collaboration in meeting the needs of the community's poor and disabled. With a three-year grant from the National Institute of Mental Health, the nation's first Multi-Disciplinary Seminar on the Administration of Justice came into being at WCL, with participants eagerly applying for admissions from the graduate divisions of sociology, government, public administration, psychology, and psychiatry, of all the Washington metropolitan area universities, including Catholic University, George Washington, Georgetown, Howard, and Johns Hopkins.
By 1971, the Washington College of Law became evermore venturesome in the pursuit of cross-cultural and multi-disciplinary research, training, and law reform. At my urging, several members of the WCL faculty combined with members of the School of Public Affairs, and significant others (including SPA's Professors David Saari and Arnold Trebach, WCL's David Aaronson and newly joined Peter Jaszi, and staffers Joseph Trotter and Carolyn Cooper) to create the Institute for Studies in Justice and Social Behavior.6 With grants from the United States Department of Justice, the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and local Washington, D.C. benefactors, the Institute, which I directed for nearly a decade, also undertook major reforms in the operations of the juvenile justice court in the District of Columbia, then presided over by Judge Orman Ketchum. In addition, the Institute carried out a comprehensive study of domestic disorder and terrorism in America, and staffed a diverse, nationwide series of court-reform projects in response to requests from police, prosecution, defense, corrections, and judicial administrators and agencies.
By the early 1970s, the Washington College of Law became the forerunner of the nation's law schools in venturing forth to conduct summer programs abroad for the benefit of its own law students as well as for candidates attending other law schools elsewhere in the country. Instituted in 1970, the Jerusalem Law and Policy Institute Abroad, conducted by WCL in cooperation with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, provided a natural site for learning and understanding the complex comparative and international legal issues of the Middle East conflict. The Law and Policy Institute Abroad, functioning under my directorship from 1970 to 1978, became an instant success. Bringing together over twenty-five law students from across the United States each year, the programs not only offered the student participants lectures and discussions with Israel's legal, economic, and political leaders, (Jewish, Christian, and Muslim), but also an opportunity to observe the land and its diverse populations firsthand. During the decade of its existence, the Jerusalem program counted among its student participants the current president of U.S. News and World Report, Fred Drasner, and Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick's general counsel at the United Nations, Alan Gerson. Three members of the WCL faculty, Egon Guttman, Robert Lubic, and I were always on location to provide a counterbalance for the local speakers.
The success of the Jerusalem program eventually lead to the development of similar summer seminars in London (under the direction of WCL's Professor Robert Goldman and George Washington's Elyce Zenoff), in Poland and the Soviet Union (under Professor Robert Lubic), and in later years in mainland China (under Professor Peter Jazsi), and Chile (under Professor Claudio Grossman).
By the time I was appointed Interim Dean of the Washington College of Law in 1977, the school's character as well as its sense of mission had dramatically expanded beyond its modest beginnings. Since my initial arrival in 1964, the faculty had grown from approximately nine to more than twenty members. The percentage of women students had grown from what at best could be described as de minimis to nearly fifty percent of the student body. The total enrollment had grown from less than 500 to nearly 1000. There was also in the air the first indication of America's shifting from a manufacturing to a service economy: clear evidence of the shift from the World War II emphasis upon engineering, and natural sciences as predominant fields of graduate studies to business and law as the newly favored disciplines. Both American University and WCL began to sense the impact of new tides of change. Seeking to reinvigorate the university's competitive advantages, American University's Provost Richard Berendzen had earlier promised to consolidate American University into a new resource facility for government-business-law relations, thus turning American into a "new Harvard on the Potomac." In a similar flourish, he introduced me to the University as WCL's new Interim Dean by declaring that "Since Felix Frankfurter is no longer, we give you Kittrie."7
Following in the footsteps of Gordon A. Christenson, who had served successfully as Dean from 1971-77, I had indeed inherited a decanal position in a school that had already turned around an important corner, from being a relatively modest regional institution to one ready to pursue the road towards a well-reputed national law center. The country's increased interest in legal education allowed for an unprecedented nationwide student recruitment campaign. The number of applications for admission dramatically increased. Our incoming students were more diverse in terms of their pre-law academic backgrounds, including a growing number of candidates with medical and other doctorates, many with already distinguished prior careers in public service, business, the arts, and some even serving as members of Congress. Neither the school nor its new students were any longer satisfied with WCL's former, more modest, more local, and somewhat narrowly perceived mission. While some of the applicants were still looking primarily for state and local careers, others were expecting preparation for the big law firms, for top corporate legal careers, and for the newly expanding opportunities in international legal service and practice.
Early in my decanal career, I recognized the pressing academic needs of the new WCL and that they could not be met through piecemeal planning and execution. Through the active stewardship of Patrick Kehoe, the Law Librarian whom we had previously been able to lure away from Yale, Assocate Dean Burt Lockwood, and Professor Elliott Milstein, the newly appointed Associate Dean, as well as many other committed faculty and staff members, a three-year development plan for WCL's new ambitious future mission was created. This first multi-year planning document in WCL's history was soon unanimously approved by the faculty and students, was submitted by me as Dean to the President and American University's administration, and was promptly accepted for immediate implementation.
One of the development plan's central themes was the need to dramatically reform WCL's physical plant. Even sometime earlier it had become questionable whether the physical facilities of the law school, constructed for WCL some thirteen years earlier, could meet the school's newly perceived mission and the higher expectations of its newly constituted student body. But with the beginning of my decanal tenure in 1977, the conclusion was inescapable that a school building originally programmed for 450 students was woefully inadequate for a WCL community that had doubled in number. It was the WCL decanal administrative team, including myself, academic Associate Dean Elliott Milstein, Associate Dean Burt Lockwood, who later moved to the University of Cincinnati Law School, Assistant Dean Beverly Purdue, then a recent WCL alumna, and our experienced Law Librarian Patrick Kehoe, who immediately began to consider alternatives for attaining a suitable physical plant.
It was also during these early days of my decanal responsibilities that WCL's administrative team began paying greater attention to the handwriting on the wall: the onslaught of want-to-be lawyers. Forewarned somewhat earlier of the major avalanche of young people seeking to enter legal education, we needed to be both wise and daring to take appropriate action to enable our institution to withstand the sudden, and possibly only temporary, demands. (Little did we realize at that time, that the country was likely to undergo more than twenty "fat years" of escalating demands for legal careers, demands that may only now be beginning to show the first signs of decline.)
Many of us had learned later to wait silently, although certainly, with great frustration and anxiety, during the mounting days, weeks and even years for WCL's move from the main campus to Spring Valley, fully realizing the many difficulties inherent in such an undertaking. But in 1978, we did not have the luxury of a several-year wait with its accompanying architectural, financial, and psychological pressures.
Discreetly alerted that American University's main library (then designated Battelle after its original benefactor) was soon to be moved to the newly structured Bender facility, I shared this knowledge with the WCL faculty and staff and advanced a daring proposition: to convince the University's President to make the former University library building available to the Washington College of Law, and turn the about-to-be vacated WCL library space into refurbished classrooms. Our proposition was not without merit. There were no adequate classrooms available on the upper floors of the overcrowded Myers Hall for a student community that had grown to nearly twice its original projection in less than a decade-and-a-half. Housed in the bowels of Myers Hall, the then existing law school library had hardly any natural light. Short on adequate book storage facilities, the library also lacked the requisite student seating mandated by the accrediting agencies. Indeed, WCL's library, which at the time had been ranked by accrediting officials among the lowest (with a rating of 104 from the top), had no place to go but up.
The reader shall be spared the laborious, endless and what sometimes appeared hopeless maneuvering that we had to go through before the American University Central Administration (then under the presidency of Joseph Sisco, formerly a distinguished Deputy Secretary of State, and the provostship of Richard Berendzen, an ambitious pleader for a "great" American University) was finally convinced to share our vision. Many other schools, departments and programs at American University, who considered themselves earlier claimants to the former University library building, had to be toughly and diplomatically negotiated with, dissuaded, persuaded and compromised with before we would finally prevail.
Among the most insistent questions American University administration posed to WCL in response to our new 1977 three-year development plan were the following: Had not the existing institutions of legal education already reached their optimum size? If this new space is allocated to WCL, will there be large enough and qualified enough a national pool of law school candidates to fill, and pay for the use of, the space? And, finally, who will advance the immediate money necessary for the elaborate renovations? Our lawyerly skills proved indispensable in addressing these and many other friendly, as well as hostile, questions. Once more, we carefully reviewed our numbers and projections. And once more, at the urging of Professor Anthony Morella and myself, Alvina Reckman Myers, who previously with her husband, John Sherman Myers, had been the school's greatest benefactors, came to our financial rescue. During the summer and early fall of 1979, major renovations began in old Myers Hall to create new classrooms in the space previously occupied by the WCL library. The WCL library, itself, was moved to the Battelle Building, some twenty yards across a passageway, to occupy its own separate three-story wing. Even by sharing some of the old Battelle building with the Kogod School of Business, the Washington College of Law now had for the first time in its history an adequate 20,000 square foot library structure of its own. It was only fitting that as our main benefactress, Alvina Reckman Myers, should be honored by having the library building named after her.
The new WCL library immediately proved to be very effective and popular with students and faculty alike. Several members of the community who had voiced their frequent concern, during the planning stages, that "in cold weather few would venture forth" from the Johns Myers Hall's classrooms to the Alvina R. Myers library, proved to be wrong. Our law school community was indeed sturdier, as I and others who backed this plan had predicted. The dramatically increased new space in the library permitted not only an expansion of the book collection and other research materials, the setting up of reading carols, for greater student privacy and the installation of new computers, but also provided a home away from home to the many students who could not find adequate space in the old, unappealing and cramped student lounge.
The newly expanded facilities were handsome and functional, but far from ideal. Still, by increasing its total floor space from 30,000 to 50,000 square feet, by permitting the construction of new classrooms, by allowing a trickling expansion of the student body, and balancing it with a substantial expansion of the faculty to produce better student-faculty ratios, the Washington College of Law avoided a dangerous standstill, or even reversal, and was able, instead, to forge ahead.
No acknowledgement of the Dean's, faculty's, and staff's unwavering commitment to the WCL's three-year development plan can overlook the critical role played on our behalf by an unpaid two-man consulting team that I urged to be created early in my administration. The first member of this team was Professor Kenneth Pye, an Associate Dean and my former teacher at the Georgetown Law Center, who later became law dean and provost at Duke University, and, finally, President of Southern Methodist University. The second member of the team, Millard Ruud, was also a former professor of mine at the University of Kansas Law School, who subsequently became the much honored Executive Director of the Association of American Law Schools. Both Pye and Ruud visited the WCL facilities several times during my deanship, met with members of the faculty, students and American University Administration, in order to assess realistically our ambitious mission. Their analysis was thorough, their encouragement was unhesitating, and their conclusions, at that time and as reflected upon today in WCL's continued progress, were obviously without fault.
During my two years in the decanal post, I tended to concentrate on the students as the primary constituency. It was only natural for me to think this way, given that in a totally tuition-driven institution, it was, and continues to be, student tuition payments which allowed, and continues to allow, our institution to flourish. I believed, possibly foolishly, that the reasoned needs of the students should take precedence over many other interests. At least the students saw it my way, for at the end of my first year in the decanal office, the Student Bar Association presented me at commencement with a plaque reading "The WCL Student Bar Association presents you this award in grateful appreciation for your outstanding efforts as Interim Dean for the 1977-78 academic year."
By the end of my Interim Deanship, after concluding a national search for a permanent dean, the University and faculty honored me once more at the conclusion of the spring of 1978, by voting for me to continue as the permanent Dean. The American University Reporter stated Provost Berendzen's conclusion regarding my appointment: "Dean Kittrie's leadership during his Interim Deanship has served WCL well. I have been pleased with the progress the College had made this year towards its development goals."8
The Provost's words were taken by me not so much as personal praise, but as a recognition that the Washington College of Law's spirit and fortunes had been lifted. The direction of WCL appeared much clearer. Student reporters Sara London and Allison Lewis, writing for The Matrix, the WCL student newspaper, agreed with my premise that "as a school we must be proactive rather than reactive."9 They and other student leaders agreed that in order to avoid the "sweatshop atmosphere" of the other neighboring and larger Washington, D.C. law schools, "we will keep the class sections small so as to maintain the intimate environment which has become one of AU's assets."10 It was also agreed that WCL will "more actively recruit applicants and attract a more diverse student body . . . students from all walks of life."11 Also promised, and later implemented, were new programs that increased the availability of internships, supervised clinics and other practical experiences to a greater number of WCL students.
The academic year 1978-79 witnessed a newly energized WCL. During this time, with the enthusiastic participation of the faculty, students and staff, I had the opportunity to welcome to WCL such dignitaries as Judge John Sirica, of Watergate fame, former President Gerald Ford, Nobel prize laureate and founder of Amnesty International, Sean MacBride, Senate Majority Leader Robert C. Byrd (a WCL 1963 Alumnus), the Honorable Hardy D. Dillard, member of the International Court of Justice, and Supreme Court Justice Byron B. White. Under my decanal leadership, all sectors and components of WCL were encouraged to address themselves to needed academic, administrative, and quality of life improvements. Despite the growth and greater diversification of the student body, admission standards remained stable. The faculty was increased to more than twenty-one full-time members, including two new African-American members recruited by me. The expansion of the faculty permitted an enrichment of the curriculum, including additional clinical courses. To facilitate faculty research productivity, a new program was introduced offering faculty members summer research stipends. Planning progressed toward the implementation of joint J.D./M.B.A. and joint J.D./M.A. foreign affairs degrees, and an innovative program, the Federal Regulatory Process, was instituted with the assistance of Professor Andrew Popper, permitting students during the academic year and summer sessions to gain practical experience in supervised internships with various federal administrative agencies.
During the same time, faculty and administration discussions and preliminary considerations were underway regarding a major academic innovation floated in the three-year development plan. Taking notice that WCL's "time has come for a major forward thrust, academically and organizationally," the development plan called for serious consideration for the introduction of a new legal graduate program in three major areas: (1) The Law of Government Regulation of Business; (2) The Law of International Finance and Trade; and (3) Comparative and International Criminal Law. Not to be overlooked, also was the work towards the establishment of the Equal Justice Foundation, under the guidance of Professor Robert Vaughn, and the formation of the National Veterans Law Clinic.
Administrative improvements during this period included an expansion and greater professionalization of the student placement offices, the introduction of alumni services, and the creation of the Myers Hall Advocate, as a regular news bulletin to enhance awareness and dialogue among students, faculty, alumni, and the legal community at large.12 Equally important provisions were made for the first time to meet the special needs of physically impaired WCL students.
At the conclusion of my somewhat lean, but extremely eventful tenure as dean¾leaving to spend a year at the United States Justice Department's National Institute for Justice,13 and then to return to my original priorities of teaching, research, and consulting in my preferred areas of comparative and international criminal justice14¾I had felt a sense of great satisfaction.
The reforms and innovations instituted during my professorial and decanal tenure had not only played an important role in our school's ability to hold its own and even reinforce some of its long-standing values in the face of the dramatic changes taking place in legal education and the legal profession, but helped also chart many new directions for the future. These included: (1) introducing and institutionalizing clinical education as a nationally recognized strength; (2) advancing international programs and exchanges both here and abroad; (3) instituting research assistance and other means for encouraging faculty scholarship; (4) building up and professionalizing student-oriented services, including placement and alumni relations; (5) strengthening WCL's institutional image; (6) continuing to maintain WCL's traditional and informal "special relationships between faculty, students and staff"; and (7) reinforcing some of WCL's long-standing values as well as chart many newer directions for the future.
Taking final stock of my record as both a member of the faculty and as its Dean, I continue to gain satisfaction from having placed the students' interests uppermost on my agenda.15 I am now comfortably lodged in the new edifice at 4801 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Like the biblical Israelites, I am not certain why we all had to go through the desert for what seemed like forty years before reaching this promised land. Hopefully, this trek has fortified, rather than weakened, our original missions and commitments: to offer an education to those denied it, to maintain a civil and humane school environment, to broaden and diversify the membership of the profession, to maintain the services of the law accessible to the public, to preserve law as an honorable profession rather than turn it into a vulgar business, and, finally, to always insist that through the pursuit of law, we also bring about justice.
My door at room 354 at the new WCL building will remain open, as my door has always been, to greet students, alumni, staff and faculty, and other friends. I know they will continue dropping in to discuss professional, political, philosophical, and personal ideas, and sometimes to discuss even what needs to remain the deepest of all lawyers' questions: the appropriate role of law and lawyers in society.
___________________________
1. Of the current faculty, only Anthony C. Morella, a WCL alumnus and former Associate Dean under the legendary John Sherman Myers, has shared in this three-part progression.
2. While I was fully enthusiastic about WCL's entry into its new home in time for the spring 1996 semester, I must confess here to my "costly penalty" having entered into a wager with the ever-optimistic, and then acting, Dean Claudio Grossman about the building's early completion date¾a bet I only recently paid off!
3. Having commenced my law studies at the London School of Economics and continued with graduate work at the universities of Kansas, Chicago, Yale and Georgetown, I later practiced my profession with American companies overseas, with the American Bar Association in Chicago, and with the United States Senate Judiciary Committee in Washington, D.C. I had thoroughly inquired into the reputations of the nation capital's legal establishments before joining the Washington College of Law.
4. Ellen Spencer Mussey and Emma M. Gillett founded WCL.
5. The active recruitment of these judges has continued successfully to this day under the joint stewardship of Professors David Aaronson and Anthony C. Morella.
6. As Director of the Institute, I became responsible for raising its nearly one million dollar annual budget for a period of some seven years, until I departed in 1977, to become the Interim Dean of WCL. The technical judicial assistance projects, which are now located administratively in the Justice Program of American University's College of Public Affairs, continue, under the brilliant direction of Carolyn Cooper and Joseph Trotter, both WCL alumni, to enhance American University's reputation in several arenas of judicial reform in the United States and throughout the world.
7. Kittrie Interim Dean, MYERS HALL ADVOCATE (Newsletter of Washington College of Law, American University), Aug. 1977, at 1 (on file with The American University Law Review).
8. Kittrie Appointed Dean of WCL, REPORTER, June 13, 1978, at 188 (on file with The American University Law Review).
9. Sara London & Allison Lewis, Kittrie Interview Raises WCL Issues, MATRIX, Dec. 1977, at 1 (on file with The American University Law Review).
10. Id.
11. Id.
12. To help reduce the pressure of law study and to enhance the law student's quality of life at WCL, a decanal-student team saw to the introduction of a free law student night-at-the-movies, the commencement of an annual school-wide picnic on the estate of A.C. Echols, II, a leading Virginia alumnus, the formation of a bridge club, and the reinstitution of a law school spring cruise night on the Potomac.
13. My year-long stay at the National Institute of Justice had offered me the opportunity to complete two extremely demanding volumes. The first, The Tree of Liberty: A Documentary History of Rebellion and Political Crime in America was undertaken with the joint editorship of Eldon D. Wedlock, a former WCL alumnus and now a distinguished law professor at the University of South Carolina, published in 1986 by the Johns Hopkins University Press. The Tree of Liberty received the Association of American Publishers award for the "Best Book in Law." The second, The War Against Authority: From the Crisis of Legitimacy to a New Social Contract was published by the Johns Hopkins University Press in 1995 and has been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize.
14. Returning to my research and teaching duties at WCL, I continued with my traditional tasks in both domestic and international criminal law and criminal procedure. Having coedited, with Professor Elyce Zenoff of George Washington Law School, the Foundation Press' casebook on Sanctions, Sentencing and Corrections (1980 and supplements), I have continued to offer one of the nation's few seminars on the topic of "Sentencing," as well as to teach a seminar on "Political Crime and Terrorism," based on my own texts.
15. Although the full-time yearly tuition at the conclusion of my decanal tenure reached a high of $3700, which at the time seemed modest in comparison to current tuition rates, I felt that the students had gotten a fair academic deal.
 Washington College of Law - 4801 Massachusetts Avenue, NW - Washington, DC 20016 - 202-274-4000 |
|